IntroductionProvenance analysis serves to reconstruct the predepositional history of sedimentary rocks. This includes the distance, climate, and relief in the source area, and the specific type of sedimentary rocks (Pettijohn et al., 1987). Many attempts have been made to refine provenance models using the source rock composition, the extent of weathering, transportation, and diagenesis

In the present paper, the formation and development of cavitation inside the nozzle of an atomizer with different geometrical characteristics have been studied numerically. Different shapes of inlet nozzles and different nozzle-length-to-diameter ratios have been investigated. The developed model has been built as a three-dimensional (3D) one, where the turbulence is modeled considering large eddy simulation. The obtained computational results showed good agreement with the reported experimental results. It has been found that the occurrence of cavitation depends on the amount of energy needed to overcome the viscosity and friction between the liquid layers. The mass flowing through the nozzle decreases with increasing cavitation. The intensity of cavitation depends on the nozzle entrance shape. Sharp edges cause cavitation to occur early in the nozzle, followed by an inclined shape, and then the curved entrance. The dissipative energy in the cavitation and bubble collapse result in an increase in the turbulent kinetic energy of the issuing liquid. This causes more liquid disintegration, leading to larger spray volume and smaller droplet size. The obtained results for spray droplet size distribution have been compared with experimental data developed by other researchers, and a good agreement has also been found.

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Two field experiments were carried out at Sanhout village Menia Al-Kamh district-Sharkia province under Agronomy Department supervision, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt, during two summer successive growing seasons i.e. 2009 and 2010.The investigation aimed to study the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) (Without, 20 and 40 m3 /fed.) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (Without, 45 ,90 and 135 kg N / fed.) on yield and land use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.)soybean (Glaycine max (L.) Merr.) intercropped. Soybean variety Giza-22 was sown at 93.333 plant per fed. as pure stand and intercropping as well and maize variety TWC 324 which was sown at 23,333 plant per fed. as pure stand and intercropping (3:3) were used in this investigation included: Pure stand of maize variety TWC 324 (23,333 plant per fed.), Pure stand of soybean variety Giza-22 (93.333 plant per fed.), maize was sowing on one side and two plants per hill (46.666 plant per fed) instead of one plant per hill in the solid plots, simultaneously, soybean was always sown and thinned as two plants in hill 10 cm apart on both sides of the ridge (186.666 plant / fed) instead of one side of the ridge in the solid plots (growing three ridges of maize in alternation with three ridges of soybean). The obtained results showed that: Grain and seed yields of maize and soybean components significantly reduced by intercropping ,compared to the pure stand yield, However, the relative yield of those two components was 82 and 85% for maize and soybean ,respectively. Thus, intercropping efficiency i.e. economic yield advantage of the combined intercrop yield reached 67% in the maizesoybean intercrop. Grain and seed yields of maize and soybean components were significantly increased due to FYM application up to 40 m3 and N up to 135 kg N / fed.Further more, land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER) and its LER average , land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and Agressivity (A) criterions were observed that addition of FYM did not have any significant effect on aforementioned traits in both seasons and their combined analysis. But, adding N fertilizer have significant effect on those traits (combined analysis). However, intercropping of maize and soybean, again, was more productive than growing them separately, as can be observed from the LER, ATER and its average values which were greater than unity and from the LEC values which were greater than 0.25 and from sign of agressivity values which were positive for soybean component and negative for maize at three FYM and four N fertilizer levels.

Biological experiment was conducted in the clay and sandy soils to study the effect of inorganic, organic and bio fertilization on growth and yield components as well as N, P and Kuptake by wheat plants. Ammonium sulphate (N) was added at the rates of 25 [50% the recommended dose (RD)] and 50 (100% RD) mg N kg-1 soil, while ordinary superphosphate (P 1) and rock phosphate (P 2) were applied at the rates of 9.72 (50% RD) and 19.44 (100% RD mg P kg-1 soil. Potassium sulphate (K 1) and feldspar (K 2) were added at the rates of 20.8 (50% RD) and 41.5 (100% RD) mg K kg-1 soil. The organic materials i.e. clover straw (CS), sunflower seed teflon (ST) and banana peel (BP) were added at a rate of (0.5%). Some wheat grains were inoculated by biofertilizers i.e. nitrobein (nit), phosphate dissolving bacteria (PDB) and potassiumage (Pot). The results showed that the treatments of [50% RD (NP 1 K 1) + CS + ST + BP + Nit + PDB + Pot] gave the greatest values of the straw and grains dry weight, biological yield and harvest index, N-uptake by grains and P-and K-uptake by straw and grains if compared to the other treatments in both soils under study. Wherease the highest 1000 grains weight was observed with the treatment of [50% RD (NP 2 K 2) + CS + ST + BP + Nit + PDB + Pot] in the clayey soil and [50% RD (NP 1 K 1) + CS + ST + BP] in the sandy soil compared to the other treatments. The greatest values of N-uptake by straw were recorded with treatments of [50% RD (NP 1 K 1) + CS + ST + BP] in the clayey soil and [50% RD (NP 1 K 1) + CS + ST + BP + Nit + PDB + Pot] in the sandy soil compared to the other treatments. Finally, it could be concluded that the use of 50% of the recommend dose of the most mineral fertilizers (NP 1 K 1) mixed with organic materials (CS + ST + BP) and biofertilizers (Nit + PDB + Pot) may reduce the mineral fertilization (NP 1 K 1) dose, production cost and environmental contamination.