Until recently, only the trunk was recognized as valuable in the forest industry, and everything else, including the crown, was considered waste that cluttered cutting areas, and a hazardous raw material in the event of possible fires. Currently, only about 700 thousand tons of wood waste is used, which is no more than 4% of the resulting amount of potential raw materials that could be used at wood processing enterprises. Analysis of formation and use of logging waste showed that today coniferous greenery has found its application as a raw material for coniferous flour production directly at the cutting area. After the needles are separated, branches that have not found further use remain in the cutting area. One of the promising areas for logging waste use after needle separation is production of wood flour, which has found its wide application in many industries.

Green verdure of conifers having a rich reserve of biologically active substances such as essential oils, vitamins, carotene, carbohydrates, trace elements, and proteins is a valuable raw material for wood-chemical production. The technology for the manufacture of any kind of products from the fi r-needles includes such operations as the collection of green verdure, the separation of the fi r-needles from the branches, and grinding of it. Currently about 3-4% of potential fi r-needles resources are used which is due to the lack of processing technologies for this type of raw material in the wood cutting area. An analysis of existing technologies for preparing and processing green verdure of conifers has shown that they all involve the export of softwood knots and branches to the consumers of this type of raw material, which entails not only transport losses, but also a reduction in the qualitative indicators of the fi r-needles. The most diffi cult and hard operation mechanization in the process of harvesting green verdure is the separation from the woody parts of the branch. It basically determines the quality of the fi nal product. Development of technology for processing fi r-needles in the cutting area requires the use of a new mobile unit. The design of the proposed unit allows performing the operations of separating and grinding the green verdure of conifers, and further packaging of the product while the unit itself is able to move around the territory of the cutting area. It will allow to make coniferous semi-fi nished product of the required fractional composition and to preserve all the useful substances.

Выходные данные статьи и справка о публикации: в день оплаты статьи Рассылка печатных журналов и оттисков: 05.09.2022

The current state of the timber industry complex and the prospects for its further development indicate the need to revise the approach to organizing logging process as a resource-saving, economically and environmentally sound process. Rational nature management and careful use of available forest resources come to the fore. Today, logging machines are an integral part of logging, and technical condition of the equipment of these machines has a direct impact on their productivity, quality of round timber and amount of sawmill waste received. The paper presents a design solution that makes it possible to increase efficiency of forest machines in freezing temperatures, which increases their productivity and the quality of the resulting roundwood by reducing the generated logging waste.

Resolving environmental issues is one of the most important challenges facing the world community. The modern development of industry, on the contrary, tends to maximize the negative impact on nature. The growth of productive forces in Russia is increasingly aimed at the removal of natural resources, which is associated with a negative impact on nature. At the same time, a negative impact is exerted through the abandonment of vast territories contaminated with waste and the results of production activities, as well as the transportation of seized resources to processing sites. The work shows that in order to minimize the impact on the environment, waste should be maximally involved in the production process, and transportation should be carried out by the most optimal routes. As a result of the study, an algorithm for solving the problem of using various natural resources in order to minimize the impact on the environment has been developed, and the stages of working with natural raw materials in order to minimize the impact on the environment and their potential effectiveness are presented.