No abstract

The known compounds cappariloside A and stachydrin, an adenosine nucleoside, and for the first time from plants of the Capparidaceae family the known compounds hypoxanthine and uracil were isolated from Capparis spinosa (Capparidaceae) fruit.Capparis spinosa (Capparidaceae) is widely distributed throughout the whole world. Information on alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides [1][2][3][4][5] in addition to lipids and carbohydrates [6] from this plant has been published.Herein we report a study of alkaloids from fruit of C. spinosa growing in Xinjiang Autonomy Region of China. The alcohol extract of ground and defatted ripe fruit of C. spinosa produced total extracted substances containing also water-soluble alkaloids of the betaine type. The lipophilic components were removed by washing the acidic solution of extracted substances with ether. The total alkaloids were obtained by treatment of the acidic solution with conc. ammonia to adjust the pH to 9 and extraction with n-butanol (fraction A). The dried alkaloidal fraction A was chromatographed over a silica-gel column with elution by CHCl 3 , CHCl 3 :CH 3 OH, and CH 3 OH. Work up with CH 3 OH of the CHCl 3 :CH 3 OH (12:1) fractions isolated amorphous hypoxanthine (1) and uracil (2) [7,8], which were identified using PMR and 13 C NMR spectral data and authentic samples (spectral properties are given in Experimental).Crystalline 3, mp 228-229°C, was isolated from CHCl 3 :CH 3 OH (10:1) fractions. The UV spectrum of 3 had absorption maxima at 206.4 and 259.6 nm. The IR spectrum had absorption bands for active H at 3425, 3370 (NH 2 ), 3320, and 3143 (OH) cm −1 ; lactone ring (tetrahydrofuran), 1680; ether, 1100 and 1030; and tri-and disubstituted aromatic rings, 1600, 1577, 870, 822, 795, and 765. The mass spectrum of 3 gave a peak for the molecular ion with m/z 267 and fragments with m/z 148 and 119 produced by cleavage of the tetrahydrofuran ring. Peaks for ions with m/z 134 and 133 corresponded to fragments formed by cleavage of the C-N bond between the main part of the molecule and the tetrahydrofuran ring. NMR data ( 1 H and 13 C) are given in Experimental.The spectral data (UV, IR, mass, NMR) were reminiscent of those of adenosine (3) [9]. However, the lack of an authentic sample prohibited reliable identification of 3 as adenosine. As a result, a single-crystal x-ray structure analysis (XSA) of 3 showed that the isolated base was in fact the known nucleoside adenosine (C 10 H 13 N 5 O 4 ), which is constructed from D-ribose and a purine base in which the N-9 atom of the purine base adenine is bonded to C-1 of D-ribose [10][11][12][13]. Adenosine

Plants of the Plantago genus (plantain) belong to the Plantaginaceae family. These plants are used in Chinese medicine as hemostatics and astringents and for chronic bronchitis and pleuritis [1]. Data on the polysaccharides (PSa) from P. major [2] and P. psyllium [3] seeds have been reported. We studied carbohydrates from P. ovatax seeds collected in 2004 in Khoten district of Karakash region of China.Carbohydrates were isolated by treating P. ovatax seeds with alcohol (82%) to remove low-molecuclar-weight and colored compounds. The alcohol extract was evaporated. Descending PC using BuOH:Pyr:H 2 O (6:4:3) on Filtrak FN 12 and 15 paper identified rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and an oligosaccharide with R f 0.33 according to development by anilinium biphthalate (1) and urea (2).After inactivation with alcohol, the raw material was extracted three times with cold water (1:10, 1:5 twice) to produce a viscous extract that was precipitated with alcohol in a 1:4 ratio. The resulting precipitate was separated, washed with alcohol and acetone, and dried in vacuo over P 2 O 5 . The yield of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS-1) was 5.4%.Next the remaining raw material was extracted with hot water (1:8, 1:5, 1:3) at 90°C. The extracts did not give a reaction with iodine. Therefore, WSPS-2 did not contain starchy polysaccharides. The yield of WSPS-2 was 8.8%.WSPS-1 and -2 were white powders with a cream tint. They dissolved in water to form thick viscous solutions. The IR spectra of the WSPS exhibited absorption bands at 808 cm -1 (pyranose ring), 892 (β-glycoside bond), and 1258 and 1720 (esters). Titration established that WSPS-1 contained 4.3% O-acetyls; WSPS-2, 4.5% [4]. Therefore, WSPS isolated from P. ovatax were naturally acetylated polysaccharides. WSPS samples were hydrolyzed by H 2 SO 4 (2 N) at 100°C for 8 h. The monosaccharides were determined qualitatively by PC using the aforementioned system and developers 1 and 2. The content of neutral monosaccharides was determined quantitatively using GC-MS of the aldononitrile acetates [5] in a PE-TurboMass Aidosystem XL, PE 5 MS spectrometer, quartz column (30 × 0.25 mm), 200°C, flow rate 35 mL/min, and N 2 carrier gas. Table shows data indicating that the monosaccharide composition of WSPS-1 is rhamnoxyloaraban; of WSPS-2, glucoxyloaraban.After isolating WSPS-1 and -2, the seed pulp was extracted twice with oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate solutions (0.5% each, 1:1) at 70°C for 2 h at a 1:3 ratio. The extracts were combined, dialyzed, evaporated, and precipitated with alcohol (1:3) to afford pectinic substances (PS) in 4.5% yield.The PS were a white powder with a cream tint. They dissolved in water to form a viscous solution. Titration determined the content of free carboxylic groups (Af) as 18%; of esterified carboxylic groups (Ae), 49.05%, degree of esterification (), 72.7% [6]. Therefore, PS of P. ovatax seeds were highly esterified PS. Hydrolysis of PS (H 2 SO 4 , 2 N, 100°C, 48 h) and analysis of the monosaccharides were carried out as above. PC detected galactu...