The safe margin of eugenol for sedation of the healthy post larvae (PL) of white Indian shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) was determined by estimating the median lethal concentration of eugenol during 24 hours (24hLC50). Sedation concentration of eugenol was obtained experimentally by considering behavioral factors of PLs such as response to indirect stimuli and changes in water quality parameters. Applying the estimated concentrations of eugenol for 12 hours transportation of PLs, biometric parameters of sedated animals were compared with the control after 96 hours post transportation at P<0.05. The 24hLC50 of eugenol for experimental PLs was found to be 5.2 mg/L with minimum confidence limit of 5.0 mg/L and maximum confidence limit of 5.3 mg/L. The sedation concentrations for PLs varied from a minimum level of 1.3 mg/L to a maximum level of 3.7 mg/L. During 24 hours sedation, significant reductions were found in the oxygen consumption of PLs where as no significant changes occurred in their ammonia secretion. There was no change in biometric parameters in sedated animals after 12 hours transportation. The results indicate that eugenol can be used as a sedative during transportation of PLs of F. indicus and concentration of 1.3 mg/L considered is safe which showed the lowest induction of bottom sitting.Keywords: Transportation, Eugenol, Anesthesia, white Indian shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus. Bir Anestezik Olarak Ögenolun, Hint Karidesi (Fenneropenaeus indicus) Post Larvalarının Taşınmasında Kullanılması ÖzetBeyaz Hint karidesinin (Fenneropenaeus indicus) sağlıklı post-larvalarının (PL) sakinleştirilmesi (sedasyon) için güvenli ögenol sınırı, 24 saat boyunca (24h LC50) orta seviye ölümcül ögenol konsantrasyonu belirlenmiştir. Dolaylı uyaranlar ve su kalite parametrelerine cevap gibi larva davranış faktörleri dikkate alınarak ögenolun sakinleştirici konsantrasyonu deneysel olarak elde edilmiştir. Post-larvaların 12 saat için taşınması amacıyla tahmini ögenol konsantrasyonu uygulayarak, sedasyon altındaki hayvanların biyometrik parametreleri P<0,05'te, taşındıktan 96 saat sonra kontrol ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Denek post-larvalarda 24hLC50 ögenol, 5,0 mg/L'lik minimum ve 5,3 mg/l'lik maksimum güven sınırıyla uygulama konsantrasyonu 5,2 mg/L olarak bulunmuştur. PL'ler için sedasyon konsantrasyonları, minimum 1,3 mh/L ile maksimum 3,7 mg/L arasında değişmiştir. 24 saatlik sedasyon boyunca PL'lerin oksijen tüketiminde anlamlı düşüşler tespit edilmiştir. Taşındıktan 12 saat sonra sedasyon altındaki hayvanlarda biyometrik parametrelerde hiçbir değişiklik olmamıştır. Sonuçlar, F. İndicus post-larvaların taşınmasında sakinleştirici olarak ögenolun kullanılabileceğini ve 1.3 mg/L konsantrasyonun güvenli olduğunu göstermiştir.

White spot disease, caused by infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is a serious panzootic affecting prawn aquaculture. The disease has spread rapidly around the prawn-culturing regions of the world through a number of previously identified mechanisms. The ability to distinguish and trace strains of WSSV is of great benefit to identify, and then limit, the translocation routes of the disease. Here, we describe a novel genotyping method using 34 short tandem repeat regions of the viral genome concurrently. This technique is highly sensitive to strain differences when compared to previous methods. The efficacy of the described method is demonstrated by testing WSSV isolates from around the globe, showing regional genotypic differences. The differences in the genotypes were used to create a global minimum spanning network, and in most cases the observed relationships were substantiated with verification of transboundary movement. This novel panel of STR markers will provide a valuable epidemiological tool for white spot disease. We have applied this to an outbreak of the disease in Queensland, Australia, that occurred in 2016. While the results indicate that the source of this outbreak currently remains cryptic, the analyses have provided valuable insights with which to further study the origins of the strains involved.

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Aim:Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) causes by aquatic oomycete fungus, Aphanomyces invadans is a dangerous fish disease of a wide range of fresh and brackish water, wild and farmed fish throughout the world. The objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of a number of tropical fish species to the EUS and compare the severity of infection between experimental groups.Materials and Methods:Snakehead, Channa striata (Bloch, 1793); snakeskin gourami, Trichopodus pectoralis (Regan, 1910); koi carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758); broadhead catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (Günther, 1864); goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758); climbing perch, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792); and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) were challenged by intramuscular injection using zoospores of Aphanomyces invadans (NJM9701). The infected fish skins and muscles were examined for EUS histopathological characteristics, and the results on the severity of lesions and mortality were analyzed using SPSS program.Results:All zoospore-injected fish were shown to be susceptible to the EUS infection except Nile tilapia. Although, the general histopathological pattern was similar in the zoospore-injected group, but there were some variation in granulomatous reaction, that is the presence or absence of giant cells, and time of mortality were detected. The result of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between species, (c2=145.11 and p<0.01).Conclusion:Gourami, koi carp, and catfish were demonstrated to be highly susceptible while goldfish and climbing perch were found to be moderately susceptible to the EUS infection. These findings suggested that the cellular response of fish to mycotic infection and granulomatous reaction varied in different fish species, which could not be an indicator of susceptibility or resistant to the EUS itself, although it was shown that the granulation rate and the level of maturity or solidification (consolidation of granulomas) were higher in resistant fish.