Partai memainkan peran penghubung yang sangat startegis antara proses-proses pemerintahan dengan warga negara. Dalam demokrasi kehadiran partai politik adalah suatu keniscayaan dalam rangka memainkan fungsi representasi manakala partai politik masuk ke arena pemilu. Dalam pemilu, partai politik boleh dikatakan sebagai aktor tunggal pengisian jabatan dalam lembaga-lembaga negara. Partai politik dapat mengusulkan pemberhentian anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Oleh karena itu, wajar apabila recall bagi kalangan politisi senayan dianggap sebagai momok, atau ranjau demokrasi. Mekanisme kontrol itu juga tidak boleh mengesampingkan kedaulatan rakyat, bahkan dapat membelenggu anggota dewan yang menyeruakan aspirasi yang diwakilinya. Mengingat kekuasaan yang besar cenderung melahirkan abuse of power sehingga mengakibatkan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat tidak dapat berekspresi secara bebas dalam menyuarakan aspirasi rakyat yang diwakili karena harus mengikuti kebijakan dan arahan partai sehingga yang terjadi hubungan antara wakil dan terwakili sebagai partisipan. Setiap negara memiliki sistem perwakilan begitu juga Indonesia melihat ada tiga lembaga yang berada dalam rumpun legislatif yaitu Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dengan kewenangan secara tersendiri yang diberikan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 maka dapat sistem perwakilan yang dianut Indonesia merupakan sistem yang khas Indonesia karena dibentuk sebagai perwujudan kebutuhan, kepentingan serta tantangan bangsa dan negara Indonesia.
Indeed, Indonesia is a country that adheres to the notion of a " welfare state" with a "participatory welfare state" model which in social work literature is known as welfare pluralism. This model emphasizes that the state must continue to take part in handling social problems and the implementation of social security, although in its operation it still involves the community. The method used in this paper is normative juridical legal research. The main goal of social forestry is the welfare or prosperity of the people. Locally, social forestry in Riau Province has an Indicative Map of Social Forestry Allocation (PIAPS) of 1.2 million hectares. However, the realization of social forestry achievements in Riau is far from the number of PIAPS. This achievement covers an area of 121,464.36 hectares with a total of 77 decrees and 24,136 households. Barriers to social forestry other than land conflicts, Social Forestry and Environmental Partnerships (PSKL), Working Groups (POKJA), the Environment and Forestry Service (DLHK) and the Forest Management Unit (KPH) have different ideas in accelerating social forestry. If the achievement of social for restry is realized in accordance with the number of PIAPS 1.2 million hectares, it can help the community's economy so that the realization of community welfare in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
ABSTRAKKonstelasi agama dan negara menjadi bahan permbincangan yang hangat dikalangan mereka yang berpaham sekularisme, agama dianggap berbeda dengan negara sehingga mesti dipisahkan. Sedangkan sejarah mencatat terkhusus peradaban Islam mencapai puncaknya melalui kedekatan dan ketataan mereka kepada agamanya, dan berbeda dengan apa yang telah dialami oleh Barat dimasa lalunya. Keberadaan agama adalah menjadi “fitrah’ yang menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban yang mesti dijalankan, sehingga mengikat zahir dan bathin seluruh manusia untuk melaksanakannya.
The savings and loan business BUMDesa Pematang Jaya is a form of business that provides credit to help members and the public who need capital to run their business. BUMDesa Pematang Jaya saving and loan lending is inseparable from the existence of arrears on the part of the borrower or beneficiary. The results of this study are that in the settlement of savings and loan guarantees that occur in BUMDesa Pematang Jaya there are still 8 debtors with a percentage (80%) who have not completed their installment payments on time while 2 debtors with a percentage (20%) have completed their installments. This data is taken based on 10 members of the Pematang Jaya BUMDesa. In addition, the credit agreement does not include procedures for implementing dispute resolution, so this refers to Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning arbitration and alternative dispute resolution. Where in this case using mediation between the debtor and the creditor in the settlement by involving the village head as a mediator. In addition, the Pematang Jaya BUMDesa management also formed a collector team to assist with the settlement by visiting the debtor to provide a warning letter regarding the installments that must be paid and are due or if not, the collateral will be confiscated by the BUMDesa. Regarding the factors that cause delays in settlement due to the lack of initiative on the part of the debtor to make repayments on time and the lack of firmness on the part of the creditor to follow up further regarding credit problems that have included collateral. Usaha simpan pinjam BUMDesa Pematang Jaya merupakan bentuk usaha yang memberikan kredit untuk membantu anggota dan masyarakat yang membutuhksn modal untuk menjalankan usahanya. BUMDesa Pematang Jaya simpan pinjam pemberian kredit tidak lepas dari adanya tunggakan di pihak peminjam atau penerima manfaat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dalam penyelesaian jaminan simpan pinjam yang terjadi pada BUMDesa Pematang Jaya masih terdapat 8 orang debitur dengan persentase (80%) yang belum menyelesaikan pembayaran cicilan tepat waktu sedangkan 2 orang debitur dengan persentase (20%) sudah menyelesaikan cicilannya. Data ini diambil berdasarkan 10 orang anggota BUMDesa Pematang Jaya. Selain itu dalam perjanjian pemberian kredit tidak diacntumkan tata cara pelaksanaan penyelesaian sengketa maka hal ini merujuk pada Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 mengenai arbitrase dan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa. Dimana dalam hal ini menggunakan cara mediasi antara debitur dan kreditur dalam penyelesaiannya dengan melibatkan kepala desa sebagai mediator. Selain itu pengurus BUMDesa Pematang Jaya juga membentuk tim kolektor untuk membantu penyelesaian tersebut dengan mendatangi pihak debitur untuk memberikan surat peringatan terkait cicilan yang harus dibayarkan dan telah jatuh tempo atau jika tidak maka agunan akan disita oleh pihak BUMDesa. Terkait faktor yang menyebabkan keterlambatan penyelesaian dikarenakan kurangnya inisiatif dari pihak debitur untuk melakukan pembayaran cicilan tepat waktu dan kurang tegasnya pihak kreditur untuk menindak lebih lanjut terkait permasalahan kredit yang sudah mencantumkan jaminan.
Community life continues to develop dynamically. Along with that, various demands emerged to make various changes towards the achievement of national goals. Changes to the framework of the national legal system that was built on the basis of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The direction of development must take into account the plurality of society without limiting rights and giving respect to the implementation of the law without overriding other legal interests. The context of a pluralistic Indonesian society develops along with the dynamics and development of society, both socio-culturally and politically. This article discusses the legal tradition that grows and takes root in Indonesia. This article is a normative research, which is conducting a literature study or secondary data to collect data through documentation from various articles, books, and other sources that discuss legal traditions in Indonesia. The finding of this article is that legal practices that develop in Indonesia are customary law, Islamic law, and Continental Europe. In the development of national law through the “middle way” as a principle of compromise against legal traditions that influence and attract each other, taking into account the philosophical, sociological, and juridical. In essence, legal practice refers to welfare and benefit considerations: “maintaining old traditions that are still relevant, building new, better traditions.” What this article has in common with others is that it discusses legal traditions, while the difference is that this article analyzes the development of legal practice in Indonesia from various perspectives and approaches to religious values so as to create a just legal concept.
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