Homalomena occulta is a plant that grows in Madiun, especially Caruban. Patients can overcome kidney stone disease by boiling the H. occulta (nampu) rhizome with water. The present study aimed to evaluate the antilithiatic effect of the ethanol extract of the H. occulta rhizome in preventing nephrolithiasis in rats. Ethylene glycol was used to induce the urolithiasis in the Wistar rats. The rats were divided into six groups, namely I (normal), II (ethylene glycol induced), III (commercial drug treated, Cystone® 750 mg/kg BW), IV (H. occulta rhizome extract treated, dose 250 mg/kg BW), V (H. occulta rhizome extract treated, dose 500 mg/kg BW), and VI (H. occulta rhizome extract treated, dose 1000 mg/kg BW). Keywords: kidney stone, ethylene glycol, calcium level, Homalomena occulta

Ergogenic is defined as the equipment, techniques and substances used to enhance sports performance. Ergogenic aid is classified into various forms, such as nutritional, pharmacological and physiological. One of the most well-known natural ingredients as an ergogenic substance is ginseng (Panax ginseng). The price of ginseng is high, and its availability is limited. Hence, it is important to trigger research to get plants which can substitute P. ginseng as a tonic. In Indonesia, which has high biodiversity potential, there are at least two popular plants in one family (Araliaceae) with P. ginseng, which are mangkokan (Nothopanax scutellarium) and kedondong laut (Polyscias fruticosa). The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the leaves of N. scutellarium and P. fruticosa as an ergogenic substance. This type of research was an experimental laboratory. The method used was Forced Swimming Test method, a test to identify how long mice (Mus musculus) were swimming. Mice used in this study were divided into eleven groups in which each group had four mice. Group I (negative control) was given 0.5% CMC-Na, group II (positive control) was given caffeine, and group III-XI was given P. ginseng, N. scutellarium and P. fruticosa at different doses of 0.49 g/20 g BW, 0.98 g/20 g BW, and 1.96 g/20 g BW. The swimming test was performed three times on the first, third, and fifth day. The duration of struggling for mice was then analyzed using Honestly Significant Different and showed that P. ginseng and P. fruticosa could increase mice's stamina. However, N. scutellarium could not increase the stamina of the mice.

<p><em>Zika virus infection attracted the attention of the medical community since it is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito and humans act as hosts. The disease affects fetal development and causes severe neurodevelopmental disorders, such as GBS (Guillain-Barre Syndrome), and CZS (Congenital Zika Syndrome) in pregnant women, including congenital microcephaly, and fetal death. Therefore, a vaccine is needed for prevention. Epitope-based peptide vaccines have advantages in terms of both selectivity and safety. The use of computational methods is a cost-efficient way of developing vaccines. This research aims to look at conserved areas and see the phylogenetic tree of the zika virus E protein sequences obtained from various countries, to see the most immunogenic epitope notifications of the ZIKV E protein sequence using the in-silico method, to see the potential for the most immunogenic epitopes of protein sequences. Zika virus as a vaccine candidate through the use of in silico. This study was using a descriptive observational study using in-silico tools for Zika virus peptide vaccine candidates. Some software and websites that were used are MEGA-X, IEDB, VaxiJen 2.0, BLASTp NCBI. From the 41 sequences that have been collected, 3 epitope candidates had antigenic properties and also passed the similarity test so the potential to develop a peptide vaccine; SLGLDCE, ETDENRAKVEVTPNSPRAEATLG, and AHAKRQ.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Vaccine, Peptide, Epitope, Zika Virus, In Silico</em></p>

Helicobacter pylori can induce gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori is also responsible for causing oropharynx, endocrine, respiratory, central nervous system, eye, and reproductive system diseases. Treatment of H. pylori includes relieving gastritis or pain but this is not specific for H. pylori. Therefore, it is necessary to develop drugs of new therapeutic molecules to treat H. pylori. The purpose of this study was to determine which metabolite compounds from the Momordica charantia plant could provide activity as a DNA gyrase inhibitor. The target protein used in this study was prepared using the homology modeling method with the SWISS-MODEL web tools. Secondary metabolite compounds of M. charantia were processed using SwissADME web tools to find predictions for their pharmacokinetic profiles. The secondary metabolite compounds used for molecular docking using autodock 4.2 were compounds in the BOILED-Egg method range. From the homology modeling results, the quaternary structure quality estimate was 0.57 and the global mean quality estimate was 0.52. From the BOILED-Egg, six compounds were predicted to have good bioavailability. The molecular docking found that diosgenin had the lowest binding free energy (-5.35 kcal/mol) and inhibition constant (119.52 uM), so it was predicted that diosgenin could be used as an inhibitor of DNA gyrase in H. pylori. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, DNA gyrase, Momordica charantia, homology modelling, molecular docking

Estrogen deficiency causes various health problems in postmenopausal women, including neurodegenerative disease. Phytoestrogens emerged as a group of compounds that can replace the estrogen function in the body, and prevent the neurodegenerative disease to occur. Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) is a typical plant in Surabaya, Indonesia, that contain phytoestrogens. The aim of this research was to determine the metabolite profile of n-hexane fraction of Semanggi leaves using UPLC-QToF-MS/MS, and then to predict the neuroprotective activity of compounds with in silico study using PyRX 0.8 software. The 100 ppm of n-hexane fraction of Semanggi leaves in DCM and methanol were injected 5 µl each into the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS, and then analyzed by Masslynx 4.1 software to determine the compounds. The compounds from metabolite profiling then prepared with SwissADME webtool and Avogadro 1.90.0 software, molecular docking was done using Autodock Vina and Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer 2016 to 3OLS protein. Metabolite profiling process shows a total of 34 predictable compounds and 28 unknown compounds. From in silico study, it shows a total of 7 compounds that are predicted to have activities similar to estrogen. This result indicate that n-hexane fraction of Semanggi leaves has potential as a neuroprotective agent for treatment for postmenopausal women who experience estrogen deficiency.