Аннотация. Задача создания технологии упрочнения эпоксидной смолы (ЭС) и углепластика актуальна для многих разделов техники: космической, авиационной, оборонной, автомобильной и др. Вопрос решается многочисленными приемами модификации ЭС, компонентов углепластика. Модификация ЭС осуществляется путем ввода различных химических соединений. Одним из методов упрочнения углепластика является модификация пластификаторами (трикрезилфосфат, олеиновая кислота) или термопластами (полисульфон, поликарбонат, полистирол, ударопрочный полистирол). В работе собраны имеющиеся в литературе экспериментальные данные по влиянию различных видов модификаторов на прочность ЭС и углепластика. Проанализирован механизм модифицирования ЭС и углепластика пластификаторами и термопластами. Введение пластификаторов в качестве модификаторов ЭС приводит к улучшению ударной вязкости в 2 раза. Оптимальный ввод пластификаторов в ЭС составляет 15 % и зависит от полноты растворимости в связующем, дальнейшее увеличение ввода пластификатора приводит к снижению прочности материала. Модификация термопластами углепластика может привести к улучшению прочности на сжатие на 20% и ударной вязкости в 2 раза. При введении термопластов свыше 20% в углепластик показатели прочности снижаются. Полученные данные необходимы для разработки отечественной технологии производства ударопрочных углепластиков. Ключевые слова: эпоксидная смола, модификаторы, пластификаторы, термопласты, термообработка, ударная вязкость, прочность.Мустафа Л.М. -Ph.D. студент, старший научный сотрудник в АО «Национальном центре космических исследований и технологий», Алматы, Казахстан. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9779-0007.

stuDy on the effect of plAstIcIZers AnD therMoplAstIcs on the strenGth AnD touGhness of epoxy resIns purpose. To increase the strength and toughness of epoxy resins of "cold hardening" and "hot hardening" by using modified plasticizers and thermoplastic polymers. Methodology. Epoxy resins of "cold hardening" of ED20 and "hot hardening" of Etal InjectT, modified with three types of plasticizers and four types of thermoplastic polymers, were investigated. The toughness and compressive strength of unmodified and modified resins were determined with the help of the Charpy impact test at various modifier contents. findings. Among all studied plasticizers, tricresyl phosphate has the most significant effect on the strength and toughness of both types of resins. The best combination of strength and toughness of ED20 resin is obtained with 5 % tricresyl phosphate con tent, whereas its higher content reduces the strength of the material. For Etal InjectT, high values of these properties are obtained with 15 % tricresyl phosphate content, whereas adding a smaller amount of a modifier does not change the material strength. The modification with thermoplastic polymers has a less obvious effect on the properties of epoxy resins than the modification with plasticizers does. The most effective additives to ED20 are hightemperature polycarbonate (5 %) and polysulfone (10 and 15 %), the addition of which causes a simultaneous increase in both properties. A significant increase in the toughness of Etal InjectT is observed by adding 5-15 % polycarbonate, but the strength of the resin hardly changes. The complex modification of resins with a mixture of plasticizer and thermoplastic leads to a decrease in the toughness and compressive strength of both types of resins. originality. When the polymer mixture hardens, plasticizer molecules dispersed into the environment of epoxy macromole cules weaken the rigid spatial crosslinking of macromolecules and make them more active. As a result, toughness increases; in certain cases so does resistance due to directed reorientation of macromolecules under deformation. The change in mechanical properties of epoxy resin when modified with thermoplastics is defined by the bonding strength of the resin and dispersed particles of thermoplastic polymer as well as by the degree of heterophase of the produced mixture. practical value. The results of changing the mechanical properties of epoxy resin while being modified with plasticizers and thermoplastics can be used to produce impactresistant composite materials for structural purposes, including those for aviation and spacerocket technology.

The article provides a brief overview of the aluminum industry development in Kazakhstan and the possibility of obtaining high-strength structural aluminum-lithium alloys. The country's enterprises produce aluminum of technical purity and aluminum alloys of low and medium strength of 6060, 6063, 6463, 6082, AK5M2, ADS-12, AD-31, AD-35, which are available materials for the construction industry. In Kazakhstan, there is progressive development of mechanical engineering which requires stronger alloys of 300-400 MPa, and for special engineering (defense, aerospace, and other advanced industries) - strengths above 415 MPa. High-strength structural aluminum alloys are based on Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, Al-Li systems. Among these systems, relatively new Al-Li alloys are of great interest, having a great potential for further improvement of characteristics. The Al-Li system alloys with record-high specific strengths, corrosion-resistant, and good welded joints are widely used in the aerospace industry, where they are used for the production of power elements and housings. The article provides an overview of the known aluminum-lithium alloys, as well as the main technological stages of their production.

The research aimed at investigating the possibility of obtaining thin intermetallic films, which can be used as thermal control coatings for spacecraft. The coating films build the passive part of the overall thermal control system of a spacecraft, thus they must provide strong adhesion with the carrier material and have high functional characteristics, optical ones in particular. The study concerned issues of synthesis of stable intermetallic phase of Al 4 Cu 9 , Al 2 Cu, Cu 5 Zn 8 on aluminum and copper carriers by magnetron layer-wise sputtering of reagents. They have looked into patterns of emergence of intermetallic coating applying modes of "rapid" and "slow" sputtering of reagents, applying various thicknesses of sputtered layers of reagents, temperature of the carrier, heat treatment of sprayed coatings. Incomplete and complete modes of synthesis of intermetallic coverage have been discovered. Obtained cross-sectional images of coatings, outcomes of microanalyzer scanning of reagent distribution through the thickness of sputtered coatings, microhardness values, optical absorption and emission ratios, unit of electric resistances, adhesion to the carrier. Obtained prototypes of intermetallic thermostatic coatings could be used in "solar reflectors" and "solar absorbers" classes. The results of measurements of optical and strength characteristics revealed that the intermetallic films can be used not only as thermostatic coatings for space technology, but also in general mechanical engineering, due to high-end mechanical properties.

Abstract. Epoxy resin (ER) and composite materials based on it play an important role in engineering and technologies. The wide use of epoxy resins derived from their strength and unique combination of performance characteristics. The article considers 2 aspects influencing the strength of ER: rates of strain and modification of ER by the carbon nanoparticles (CNT). The experiments were conducted on the ER of "Etal" brand and "Etal Inject-T" hardener. The strain of samples was carried out at speeds of 1 mm/min, 2 mm/min, 5 mm/min and 20 mm/min. The experiments showed that the stress-strain curve consists of three successive zones-elastic, plastic and elastic-plastic strain at small strain rates of 1-5 mm/min. With increasing of strain rate the zone of plastic strain is gradually transformed in elastic-plastic, the average modulus of elasticity increases. At the strain rate above the critical value (about 20 mm/min.) the zones of plastic and elastic-plastic strain disappear, only the zone of elastic strain remains, while the sample is destroyed by the formation of cracks and chips. The initial and functionalized CNTs of "Taunit-M" brand were used in the experiments. It is found that the initial CNT, introduced in ER do not affect the course of the stressstrain curve, and functionalized CNT with a mass content of 0.05% give different effect on the strain zones: the effect is not felt in the zone of elastic strains, give hardening up to 25% in the plastic zones and elastic-plastic strain. With the increase in input of functionalized CNTs up to 0.2%, the hardening effect of ER was reduced almost in 2 times in the zones of plastic and elasticplastic strain.