Objective: We aimed to determine the safety and feasibility of general anaesthesia (GA) compared with local anaesthesia + Monitored Anaesthesia Care (LA+MAC) for One-Day Thyroid Surgery (ODTS); to assess patient and operator satisfaction with either of the anesthetic approaches. Material and Methods:We reviewed prospectively 130 patients who underwent ODTS from 2008 to 2011. 64 patients were operated on under GA and 62 -under LA+MAC. All variables of patient demographic characteristics, duration and type of operation, postoperative complications, difficulty in airway management and postoperative opiate consumption were recorded and analyzed.Results: There is no difference in respect to length of stay, discharge time and major/minor complications rate between two groups, but in the LA+MAC group, pain appears earlier and is more severe (56min; VAS 6, 5) than in GA patients (223 min; VAS 1, 5; p<0.001). Patient satisfaction was similar but the operator preference was greater for GA. Conclusion:In experienced hands LA with MAC for Thyroidectomy is a safe and wise choice, but GA is even more so!

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Introduction: Although vaccines are the safest and most effective means to prevent and control infectious diseases, the increasing rate of vaccine hesitancy and refusal (VHR) has become a worldwide concern. We aimed to find opinions of parents on vaccinating their children and contribute to available literature in order to support the fight against vaccine refusal by investigating the reasons for VHR on a global scale. Methodology: In this international cross-sectional multicenter study conducted by the Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI), a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used to determine parents’ attitudes towards vaccination of their children. Results: Four thousand and twenty-nine (4,029) parents were included in the study and 2,863 (78.1%) were females. The overall VHR rate of the parents was found to be 13.7%. Nineteen-point three percent (19.3%) of the parents did not fully comply with the vaccination programs. The VHR rate was higher in high-income (HI) countries. Our study has shown that parents with disabled children and immunocompromised children, with low education levels, and those who use social media networks as sources of information for childhood immunizations had higher VHR rates (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: Seemingly all factors leading to VHR are related to training of the community and the sources of training. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies at a global level and provide reliable knowledge to combat VHR.

Background:Stenosis in the area of the cricotracheal segment is still a challenging problem to be dealt with. Post-intubational cases mark an increase in recent years due to the advances in intensive care, thoracic surgery and neurosurgery departments.Case Report:This paper describes a case report of a patient with severe subglottic stenosis (grade III according to the Cotton-Myer scale), introduces a new option in cricotracheal resections - postoperative temporary non-cannulated tracheostomy and describes its advantages.Conclusion:This variation of classical operative techniques provides additional fixation of the trachea, thus relieving any transitory tension on the anastomosis; acts as a valve and decreases the air-pressure in the upper airways during coughing and sneezing in the post-operative period; and is an easy access point for video tracheoscopy of the anastomosis.