We review recent evidence indicating that researchers in experimental psychology may have used suboptimal estimates of word frequency. Word frequency measures should be based on a corpus of at least 20 million words that contains language participants in psychology experiments are likely to have been exposed to. In addition, the quality of word frequency measures should be ascertained by correlating them with behavioral word processing data. When we apply these criteria to the word frequency measures available for the German language, we find that the commonly used Celex frequencies are the least powerful to predict lexical decision times. Better results are obtained with the Leipzig frequencies, the dlexDB frequencies, and the Google Books 2000-2009 frequencies. However, as in other languages the best performance is observed with subtitle-based word frequencies. The SUBTLEX-DE word frequencies collected for the present ms are made available in easy-to-use files and are free for educational purposes.

Using a novel technique providing simultaneous resolution with respect to the wave vector and frequency of magnons, we observed the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate documented by the narrowing of the magnon distribution in phase space. Based on the measured width of the distribution we determined the effective correlation length of the condensate, which appears to be anisotropic, reflecting the anisotropy of the magnon dispersion spectrum.

We study interlayer exchange coupling in epitaxial Fe/Fe(0.56)Si(0.44)/Fe trilayers. Iron-silicide spacers with high structural and compositional homogeneity for thicknesses up to 34 A are grown by coevaporation from two electron-beam sources. The coupling strength oscillates with spacer thickness for temperatures from 20 to 300 K with two antiferromagnetic maxima at 12 and 26 A, and it clearly increases with decreasing temperature down to 80 K. We conclude that the coupling across ordered Fe(1-x)Si(x) ( x approximately 0.5) is described by the conventional theory of interlayer coupling across metallic spacers.

We present a simple approach based on continuum theory to calculate spin-wave frequencies in thin magnetic multilayers taking into account both the nonuniform static and dynamic magnetizations, which are present in systems with strong interlayer exchange coupling. The calculation includes in-plane static magnetization, the canted and twisted state, bilinear and biquadratic interlayer exchange coupling, and the dynamic dipolar coupling. Therefore, we are able to compute accurate spin-wave frequencies in strongly antiferromagnetic coupled trilayers over a full hysteresis loop. We consider the field dependence of the spin-wave frequencies of an epitaxial Fe͑001͒/Si-wedge/Fe sample with strong antiferromagnetic coupling measured by Brillouin light scattering and find excellent agreement with the model calculation. The fits of the experimental curves verify the existence of the twisted state and allow determining the coupling constants with high precision.

No abstract