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Schillers Wallenstein-Trilogie, deren Entstehung und Uraufführung zeitlich mit der Französischen Revolution und dem Aufstieg Napoleons zusammenfällt, setzt sich mit den Kriegs- und Friedensdiskursen seiner Zeit auseinander. Wallensteins Lager weist Charakteristiken des modernen Heereswesens auf, und Wallensteins omnipräsente Machtvollkommenheit deutet auf die von Max Weber beschriebene charismatische Legitimation hin. Jedoch konnte Max Piccolominis Friedenshoffnung, die mit Kants Idee des ewigen Friedens im Einklang steht, wegen des Hobbes’schen Kriegszustands zwischen militärischer und dynastischer Gewalt nicht realisiert werden. Der Schiller’sche Wallenstein befindet sich im Zeitalter des historischen Wandels. Im Prozess der Verstaatlichung des Militärs verhindern das ,ewig Gestrige‘ und der Wille der Masse die Selbstverwirklichung des großen Individuums und bestimmen letztendlich über Krieg und Frieden. Die Trilogie verbindet die Geschichte und die Gegenwart und zeugt von der hohen Aktualität der Schiller’schen Werke.Schiller’s Wallenstein-trilogy, whose creation and premiere coincide with the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon, engages with the discourses of war and peace of his time. Wallenstein’s camp exhibits characteristics of the modern army, and Wallenstein’s omnipresent power suggests the charismatic legitimacy described by Max Weber. However, Max Piccolomini’s hope for peace, which is in line with Kant’s idea of perpetual peace, necessarily fails because of Hobbes’ state of war in which the military and dynastic powers constantly find themselves in. Schiller’s Wallenstein reflects the process of nationalization of the military, and illustrates how the conservative mentality of ,eternal yesterday‘ as well as the will of the mass not only undermine the self-realization of heroic individuals, but also determine war and peace ultimately. The trilogy connects history and the present and demonstrates the high level of relevance of Schiller’s works.

Background Weak socioeconomic status (SES), including low education attainment (EA), has been reported in rheumatic disease patients. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between educational attainment and the risk of rheumatic diseases. Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with EA were used as instrumental variables (IVs) to estimate the causal effect of EA on various rheumatic diseases [systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), gout, and osteoporosis (OP)]. The random-effects inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method serves as the principal analytical strategy, with supplementary analyses utilizing alternative approaches, such as MR-Egger and weighted median methods, to reinforce the robustness of our conclusions. Results Higher education levels reduced the incidence of RA both in UK Biobank [odds ratio (OR) = 0.9964, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9949–0.9978] and FinnGen (OR = 0.6945, 95% CI = 0.6027–0.8003). There was, however, no relationship between EA and other rheumatic diseases, which was consistent across both databases. With meta-analysis, further MR analyses, and analyses with more IVs included, the conclusions were robust and trustworthy. Conclusion Our MR study indicated that genetically predicted individuals with lower levels of EA are more susceptible to cause RA. But, this correlation was not observed in the SLE, AS, SS, gout, and OP.