Objective This study utilized logistic regression to determine whether performance patterns on the WAIS-IV subtests could differentiate between genuine-effort and simulated ADHD groups. Method Participants were 355 college students (55.3%% female; 65.7% Caucasian, 23.9% African American, 4.2% Asian; age range 17–51 years, Mage = 20.93 years, SD = 4.63; 76.4% no psychological diagnosis) who completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Mean FSIQ for control group was 102.35 and 87.48 for the simulator group. Eighty participants (22.5%) simulated ADHD symptoms, while 276 participants (77.5%) provided genuine effort. Results A logistic regression analysis was performed with known group as the dependent variable and WAIS-IV subtest scaled scores as predictor variables. The final model of five predictor variables (Similarities, Information, Digit Span, Symbol Search, and Coding) significantly predicted group status (χ2 = 140.91, df = 5, N = 355, p < .001). The model accounted for 33% to 50% of the variance (Cox and Snell R2 = .33; Nagelkerke R2 = .50) in performance classification with overall 86% of individuals correctly predicted to their known group. At a cut value of .65 the sensitivity was 69.6% and the specificity was 90.6%. A cut value of.55 the sensitivity was 53.2% and the specificity was at 94.6%. Conclusions These findings are consistent with prior research suggesting discriminant function analysis derived from clinical measures (e.g., WAIS-IV) can be useful as embedded validity measures in distinguishing suspicious and genuine performance. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive power of the WAIS-IV subtests were acceptable at 5% and 10% false positive rates.

Objective This study examined item performance on Trial 1 of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). We also identified items that were most often missed in individuals with genuine effort. Method Participants were 106 adults seen for disability claims (87.7% male; 70.5% Caucasian, 26.7% Black; age range 22–84 years, Mage = 44.42 years, SD = 13.07; Meducation = 13.58, SD = 2.05) who completed and passed the TOMM as part of a larger battery. Mean score Trial 1 was 43.08, SD = 5.49. Mean score on Trial 2 was 48.98, SD = 1.54. Results Frequency analysis indicated that >95% of the sample correctly identified six items on Trial 1: item 1-spinning wheel (97.2%), item 8-musical notes (99.1%), item 38-ice cream (98.1%), item 41-life preserver (95.3%), item 45-iron (95.3%), and item 47-dart (98.1%). Nine items were correctly identified on Trial 1 by <80% of the sample: item 2-tissue box (77.4%), item 6-suitcase (77.4%), item 20-motorcycle (77.4%), item 22-jack-in-the box (71.7%), item 26-light bulb (75.5%), item 27-maple leaf (72.6%), item 32-racket (79.2%), item 36-birdhouse (79.2%), item 44-pail & shovel (66.0%). Conclusions These findings suggest that items on Trial 1 of the TOMM differ in difficulty in a disability claims sample who performed genuinely on the TOMM. Items 1, 8, 38, 41, 45, and 47 are good candidates for a rarely missed index where failure of these items would be probabilistically unlikely. Future research should evaluate whether these items are failed at higher rates in cases of borderline TOMM performance to improve sensitivity to feigning.

IN WRITING items in a particular area it is possible, but not very profitable, to use the inspiration technique. One reads until he is inspired to write an item, jots it down, and then reads some more.Those concepts that fall readily into item form get tested over and over again; those more difficult to test go untested. This procedure is likely to result, among other things, in very spotty coverage of the subject-matter area. In writing items, as in other activities, planning is essential.The present paper presents three work tools for the construction of multiple-choice items: definition of the subjectmatter area to be covered and systematic sampling of it; a check list of the kinds of questions which can be asked; and a summary of criteria for multiple-choice items.Although these materials were developed for use in examining for public personnel selection, they are applicable, with minor changes, in the other fields of test construction.To cover a subject-matter area adequately, whether in educational testing, merit system examining, or aptitude testing, the first step should be a definition of the area or areas to be tested. Even in a limited field, all possible questions cannot be asked; it is necessary to resort to a sampling of the field. If, however, the individual's performance on the sample is to represent his performance in the entire field, it is a truism that the sample must represent the field; the sample to be representative cannot be left to chance, but should be planned.

standing of psychological researches. The chapter on "Business cycles," emphasizing the role of psychological factors in the onset of economic depressions, and the following chapter on "Our social evolution," with its ambitious aim of showing "the basic pattern of social revolution so that we may try to predict some of the changes which may occur in the United States" and "to point out possible ways in which individuals may contribute to the control or direction of these changes," serve a logical but misplaced function sandwiched between two excellent chapters on "Predictions in marketing" and "Supervising employees."Altogether, because of its directness, its simplicity, its concrete illustrations and examples, and its attractive presentation, this book is a worthwhile contribution in a limited but increasingly important field of applied psychology. The author is a capable salesman of a saleable product-thus he can be congratulated on two counts. P. S. DE Q. CABOT. Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study.