Hermetia illucens larvae (HiL) has been studied because of its capability to break down organic waste. HiL can convert waste biomass efficiently, that can be used as future feedstuffs. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acids composition from HiL oil (HiLO) which reared on the different substrates. The experimental was compared of (1) HiL reared on palm kernel meal and (2) HiL reared on 80% industrial waste mix with 20% organic waste. The chemical composition of HiL measured base on the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The Hermetia illucens larvae oil (HiLO) was extracted according to the modification of the Soxhlet extraction procedure. Fatty acid compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). The data collected and analyzed as descriptive. The results of this study ether extract content of HiL (1) 51.46% higher than HiL (2), this is due to substrate types. Fatty acids of both are almost the same and the most dominant are lauric acid 40.54% and 46.72%, oleic acid 17.48% and 15.98%, palmitic acid 14.55% and 12.12% and myristic acid 15.57 and 11.13 %, respectively for each HiLO (1) and (2). The conclusion of this study is the HiL reared on different substrates affect lipid content but the fatty acid composition is similar.

Hermetia illucens Larvae (HiL) is a protein source that can replace soybean meal and act as functional feed in the poultry industry. This study aims to optimize the HiL extraction process and evaluate the amino acid profile and antibacterial activity. Response surface modelling (RSM) was used to optimize the HiL extraction process and yield assessment. RSM followed by three levels and three variables based on Box-Behnken design. The extraction method used alkali extraction procedure with three variables, e.g., X1: NaOH solvent, X2: HCl solvent, and X3: precipitation volume. Inhibitory zone assay used Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Model build by RSM has R2 = 0.9949 with significant value (P<0.01). The correlation plot of experimental yield versus predicted yield has R2 = 0.9974. Validation of the model has a lack of fit value (P>0.05) which indicate that the model is valid. The EAAI and BV value of HiL extract are 16.51 and 5.30%, respectively. HiL extract did not show antibacterial activity to inhibit gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The optimum yield (23.03%) was obtained by performing with NaOH 2.35 M, HCl 2.76 M, and precipitation volume 25.28 mL. EAAI of HiL extracts is slightly higher than that of dried HiL but lower than that of soybean meal.

This study was to build and evaluate a non-linear model to describe the macro-mineral requirement of the laying hen. Using micro-mineral (Calcium, Total Phosphor, and Available Phosphor) requirements from 8 to 35 weeks, non-linear (Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull) models were used to estimate patterns of 644 data from 23 laying hen breeds. Data collected from Hendrix Genetics and Lohmann Tierzucht. Data were converted to metabolism body weight (BW0.75) and transformed using min-max transformation. The non-linear model was run in R-base 3.6.0 using the build-in function nls and SS. The RMSE and MAE used to validate the model. The lowest value states that the model has high uniformity and consistency. The lowest RMSE value (0.0629) of the non-linear model of calcium requirement was Logistic, but the lowest MAE value (0.0401) was Weibull. The lowest RMSE and MAE values of the non-linear model of the total phosphor requirement were Weibull models with values of 0.0554 and 0.0424, respectively. The lowest RMSE and MAE values of the non-linear model of the available phosphor requirement were Weibull models with values of 0.0689 and 0.0568, respectively. Therefore, based on the RMSE and MAE, the macro-mineral can accurately be described by the Weibull model.

This study aims to evaluate linear models and linear mixed models that were built based on the database of effect Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) on broiler performance. The method of this research consists of compiling a database, making models, and evaluating models. The database compiled from a comparative study related to the effect of AMP on body weight, average daily gain, daily feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio from broilers reared at 1-21 days. The model consists of five Linear Models (LM) and five Linear Mixed Models (LMM). The best model determined by Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and then the correlation value calculated according to actual vs. predicted value. Based on the lowest BIC value, the representative model for body weight, average body weight gain, and average feed consumption are model 9. Besides that, the feed conversion ratio relates to model 2. Model 9 is a linear mixed model with levels as fixed effects and random effects consisting of studies, broiler breeds, type of peptides, and treatment methods. In conclusion, LMM is better than LM in predicting complex problems such as comparative studies of the effects AMP on broiler performance.

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