The objective of this study was to find out how effective the use of smart technologies is in the professional training of students of the law departments, in particular for the formation and development of their critical thinking. According to the author, the combination of the potential of smart technologies in learning and the development of critical thinking in students allows the most optimal solution of the contradictions between the needs of a modern society and the current practice of professional training of students, in particular, students of the law departments. The experimental model with the use of smart technologies was tested in the academic courses "Intellectual Property and Copyright" and "Fundamentals of Administrative Law", which are part of the special subjects of the educational and professional training program for students of the Speciality 081: Law. In order to analyze the results obtained and the efficiency ratio of the experimental model against the traditional model and STATA Software was applied. The study showed the efficiency of the use of smart technologies in the formation and development of critical ©2020 The authors and IJLTER.ORG. All rights reserved.thinking in future lawyers. The author concluded that the use of smart technologies in the professional training of students of the law departments also facilitates feedback, which increases students' learning motivation and allows monitoring of changes in student development. This model can be applied to teaching other subjects in both full-time and distance learning.

The article examines the problem of the dialectic nature of the language system. The analysis of a number of works on the philosophy of language has shaped research logic of authors, which guided the definition of the concepts of “natural language” and “artificial language”. It is shown that the “natural – artificial” dichotomy in a language system is revealed through the prism of a number of paired constructs: “natural – social”, “oral – written”; “folk – literary”; “informal – etiquette-formal”; “objective – subjective”; “autochthonous – borrowed”; “traditional – innovative”. The different genesis of the natural and artificial languages proves that the artificial languages are aimed at the intended result, while the natural can be considered as a side effect of communicative-linguistic activity, which is not provided by its purposes.

The article focuses on counteraction to corruption offences in Ukraine and the EU. To this end, the authors conducted a consistent analysis of international legal acts in the field of combating corruption, in particular the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 10/31/2003; Council of Europe Criminal Convention for the Suppression of Corruption (ETS 173) No. ETS173 of 01/27/1999; Resolutions (97)24 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the Twenty Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption, etc. The study provides a systemic analysis of individual cases of experience in counteraction to corruption offences in EU countries. Experience of Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, etc. is explored. The authors proved that all EU countries provide criminal liability for committing corruption offences. In different countries, criminal laws differ in the different levels of detailing of crime, as well as in the different content of the concept of corruption offence. It is proven that corruption must always be considered as criminal offence only. Today, such unambiguity is advisable in the fight against corruption in Ukraine, where the criminalization of a number of blatantly corrupt practices, such as unjust enrichment, lasts for a long period and is ambiguously effective. The article also concludes that the most effective approach of legal support for combating corruption is one that covers criminal prosecution, disclosure of information about public authorities and private entities, their income levels, their wealth, etc., as well as the interaction of law enforcement agencies with the fiscal authorities. On the example of EU countries, we showed that monitoring of financial information of public officials under the private and public laws with the proper level of analytical support for its processing provides the necessary basis for law enforcement agencies to initiate criminal proceedings for such crimes. Special attention is also paid to expanding the scope of administrative services provided by public officials as being covered by the attributes of corruption and lacking legislative support. This will significantly increase the level of transparency of the activity of public authorities, while reducing the level of corruption manifestations. An important conclusion of the article is that the effectiveness of criminal prosecution for committing corruption offences depends on the level of legal culture and the level of legal awareness of both the public and public servants.

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