Sowing date plays an important role in the performance of the Egyptian cotton. So cotton breeders in Egypt pay a great attention to develop new cultivars adapted to late sowing date with a good yield. This study was aimed to select some adapted genotypes for sowing under late planting date which enable the producers to grow some winter crops before cotton planting date. One cycle of pedigree selection for early cotton traits; boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint of seeds per boll and early index was completed in conventional late analysis in two F3 populations of Egyptian cotton. Two experiments were conducted, the first in conventional (May) and the second in late sowing (June) of 80 families from population I and 78 families from population II were planted in both sowing dates (May and June) in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of three replications in 2013 cotton growing season. As well as F2 single plants from both populations were planted under late sowing date in 2012 cotton growing season. The results of F2 population I showed that the genotypic coefficient of variation of seed cotton yield per plant was higher in the late sowing date (32.52) than the conventional sowing date of F3 population I (16.29). While, it was lower than that of late sowing date of F3 population I (34.74). The genotypic coefficient of variation of seed cotton yield per plant was higher (33.34) under late sowing date of F2 population II than both conventional and late sowing date of F3 population II (17.30 and 13.99), respectively. Heritability estimates in broad sense were high in both conventional and late sowing date of F3 population I and II (74.85-77.84%) and (74.06-53.98%), respectively. While, heritability estimates in broad sense were 47.84 and 45.60% in both F2 populations under the late planting date, respectively. Seed cotton yield per plant of population I ranged from 24.78 to 56.79g under conventional sowing date and from 15.29 to 68.55g under the late sowing date. While, it ranged in population II from 33.4 to 59.50g and from 33.20 to 62.25g under conventional and late planting date, respectively. The observed gain in population I for seed cotton yield per plant as percentage from better parent in conventional sowing date ranged from 7.01 to 20.10% and from 28.70 to 66.50% in late sowing date. While, it ranged from 19.60 to 34.30% and from 63.20 to 111.10% in the conventional and the late sowing dates for the commercial variety (Giza86), respectively. The observed gain in population II as percentage from better parent in conventional and late sowing dates ranged from 9.0 to 17.6% and from 42.9 to 51.10%, respectively. While, it ranged from 30.40 to 40.70% and from 81.20 to 91.50% compared with the commercial variety, respectively of the same population.

Some selection procedures i.e. selection index involving 11 indices and direct selection for four separately traits (lint yield/plant, bolls/plant, seeds/boll and lint/seed) were used to improve lint yield, yield components and fiber properties in early segregating generations; F2, F3 and F4 of the cotton cross;(Giza 85 x Dandara). Means of F4 generation were higher than those ofF2and F3 generations for all studied characters except for fiber fineness (desirable)and fiber length .The heritability estimates obtained in F2,F3 and F4 generations were ranged from moderate to high (56.18 to 92.2%) for most traits. These estimates indicate a possible success in the selection of the early generations that were evaluated. Estimates of PCV and GCV in F4 for most traits were higher than those of F2 and F3 generations. It was due to the application of several procedures that having various performance in selection. Phenotypic variances (Vp) were found to be greater than the corresponding genotypic variances (Vg) for all studied characters indicating that the expressions of these characters were influenced by the environmental factors. Deviations of the realized advance from the predicted of lint yield determined in F3 to F4 generations were positive and high for most selection procedures. Data showed that indices; I.w1, I.w2 , I.w123 ,I.w12 , I.w23 , I.w13, I.w3 and I.xw gives high value of improvement in lint yield as predicted and actual advance. However, The data also indicated that predicted advance from F3 had high value of gains relative to actual advance for most indices. Also, the gains were higher in F3 and F4 than those F2 generation. This may be attributed to the efficiency of selection procedures application in this study. After two cycles of selection, the genetic gains from selection isolated it isolation best ten families on base of the highest value in selected and unselected traits; it my be very important in cotton improvement programs .

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the main source of plant proteins in Egypt. This crop is attacked by numerous of pests as mites , Aphids ,white fly and leaf hoppers. Unfortunately these pests contribute to transmit viral diseases. The experiment was carried out Sakha Agricultural Research Station , Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate and conducted in 2013/2014 season to determine the age distribution patterns of pests and predators as a method for predicting the reproductive capabilities and probability of the continuation of arthropods species in the future .In addition to the relationships between phenols leaf content and occurrence of arthropods was studied. Populations of sucking pests and their natural enemies on leaflets of different cultivars of faba bean; Giza 716, Sakha 3 and Giza 40 were recorded. The age distribution patterns of the above mentioned arthropods were represented by three patterns are expanding population, decline population and stationary population. Decline age distribution was found for phytophagous mite; Tetranychus urticae Koch on Giza 716 cultivar which means that the mite population is decreasing. The population of age distribution of Aphis Giza 716 spp. stages appeared as expanding population on the three faba bean cultivars. The population of age distribution of Empoasca sp. was expanding on Giza 716 and Giza 40 cultivars of faba bean ,but it declining on Sakha 3 cultivar. However the three age patterns were found for Chrysoperla carnea Steph., expanding for Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rond.). Data revealed that the correlation between total phenols in faba bean leaflets were significantly positive only in Sakha 3 cultivar .

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