Abstract. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of monochromatic and white lighting on the functional state of the liver of egg chickens during the growing period, taking into account the season of the year. Method of research. Laboratory diagnostics of blood of 30-, 60- and 90-day old young animals. Anatomical examination of the liver of a bird at the age of 15 weeks (70 carcasses of birds were used), using the decapitation method, histological examination of the liver (19 organs), using a light microscope Carl Zeiss. Results. In all seasons of the year, the number of hemoglobin in the blood increases by 14.6 %, red blood cells by 9.4 %, albumins by 15.8 %, high values of white blood cells decrease by 2.5 times, gamma globulins by 19.8 %, bilirubin by 37.3 %, triglycerides by 26.9 %, cholesterol by 34.6 %, and asparagine aminotransferase activity by 27.5 % and alanine at 37.7 %. In young hens under white light, the amount of epicardial fat is less by 13.0–78.1 %, abdominal fat by 30.5–64.9 %, than in birds with monochromatic lamps. Histological examination of the liver of hens containing in any light revealed chronic hepatitis. In birds by white and yellow lighting, the development of the inflammatory process is less pronounced, there is no significant increase in the size of the nucleus and cells of hepatocytes, the expansion of the lumen of blood vessels, the number of lymphoid follicles in the centre and intermediate zone of the liver lobes less is 36.2–55.7 %, than in young hens by green and blue (white-blue) lighting. Scientific novelty. The use of white and yellow compact fluorescent lamps with a color temperature of 4500–5500 K and 2800–3000 K, respectively, with a light flux of 400–800 LM in the poultry house, has a weak positive effect on the functional state of the liver of egg chickens during the the period of growing from the daily age to the age of 15 weeks in cells in conditions of gradually decreasing length of daylight hours and light level.
The skin of mammals has a high reactivity to the conditions of the external and internal environment. There is no information about the features of the structure of the skin of Holstein cattle in the context of its adaptation to the sharply continental with the symptoms of monsoon climate in the available literature. The purpose of the study was to determine the structural features of the skin of the sternal and costal regions of cattle of the Holstein breed in the Amur region. For the study, the skin of clinically healthy mature Holstein cows was taken. Time of research - autumn. The skin was fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin. Paraffin sections with a thickness of 5-7 μm were prepared. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, collagen fibers were detected by the Van Gison method, elastic fibers by Weygert. A distinctive feature of the papillary layer of the dermis was a well-developed system of venous sinuses that anastomosed with each other. The abundance of mononuclear cells in the lumen of the sinuses indicated the important role of the skin as an organ of the immune system that provides adaptation and protection of animals in a sharply continental climate.
Н. Н. МАЛКОВА, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, М. Е. ОСТЯКОВА, доктор биологических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник, Н. С. ГОЛАЙДО, младший научный сотрудник, В. К. ИРХИНА, младший научный сотрудник, С. А. ЩЕРБИНИНА, младший научный сотрудник, Дальневосточный зональный научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт (675005, г. Благовещенск, ул. Северная, д. 112), Ю. А. ГАВРИЛОВ, доктор биологических наук, профессор, Г. А. ГАВРИЛОВА, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет (675005, г. Благовещенск, ул. Политехническая, д. 86) Ключевые слова: телята, диарея, терапия, схема, кровь, биохимические исследования, гематологические исследования, гепатопротектор, витамины. Алиментарно-функциональные диареи телят являются наиболее распространенными среди всех заболеваний молодняка крупного рогатого скота, при этом они могут осложняться условно-патогенными и патогенными микроорганизмами. Поэтому лабораторные исследования патологического материала -это неотъемлемая часть постановки точного диагноза, на что требуется несколько дней. В связи этим у ветеринарных специалистов существует необходимость в разработке схем терапевтических мероприятий, направленных на предупреждение развития условнопатогенной и патогенной микрофлоры и интоксикации организма, восстановления функции желудочно-кишечного тракта и работы печени с дальнейшей корректировкой на основании полученных результатов лабораторных исследований. С этой целью были отобраны телята с выраженными клиническими признаками алиментарно-функциональной диареи и сформированы контрольная и опытная группы. Животным двух групп применяли схему лечения принятую в хозяйстве. В опытной группе дополнительно, на фоне комплексного применения витаминов (Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Retinoli acetatis, alfa-Tocopherol acetate, Colecalciferolum), использовали препараты, оказывающие гепатопротекторное и спазмолитическое действия. После проведенных мероприятий у всех исследуемых животных клинические признаки заболевания отсутствовали, а в опытной группе была установлена положительная динамика показателей крови. Так, отмечали восстановление таких показателей, как холестерин, глюкоза, альбумины, билирубин, свидетельствующие о восстановлении процессов пищеварения, об активизации обменных процессов, нормализации работы печени. При этом ядерный индекс не превышал 0,1. Таким образом, применение гепатопротекторного средства, миотропного спазмолитика и комплекса витаминов в качестве дополнительной терапии при алиментарно-функциональной деареи телят способствовало детоксикации, восстановлению функции пищеварения, улучшению процессов регенерации и нормализации функции печени.
Relevance. This work is devoted to the study of prognostic parameters for the development of labor pathology (retention of the placenta), a complication of which is often postpartum endometritis, as well as mastitis in Holstein cows, which will allow us to accurately and timely develop a preventive algorithm of actions.Methods. To solve research problems, animals with different pregnancy periods of the Holstein breed were selected and divided into two groups in the amount of 42 heads: group 1 — cows with a pregnancy period of 5–6 months; group 2 — cows with a pregnancy of 7–8 months. To identify predictors of diseases in the fresh period, the metabolic status of pregnant cows was studied on the basis of clinical and biochemical blood parameters using laboratory methods; the presence or absence of pathologies in these animals was taken into account in the first 10–14 days after calving.Results. Having studied the level of metabolic processes in selected pregnant cows (second and third trimesters), we were able to found that the concentrations of calcium (2.05±0.034 mmol/l), albumin fraction (12.7±2.31%), glucose (2.20±0.299 mmol/l), bilirubin (10.7± 2.94 mmol/l) in animals with a pregnancy of 5–6 months and the values of the protein index (0.17±0.014), phosphorus (2.75±0.215 mmol/l) at 7–8 months of pregnancy are factors predicting the pathology the labor and the postpartum period, namely retention of the placenta, diseases of the mammary gland and endometrium of an inflammatory nature. The most significant was the fact that a decrease in serum calcium and albumin by 18% and 53% in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy increases the likelihood of diseases in newly calved cows by 27–33%.
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