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Реферат. В полевом опыте с деревьями вишни сорта Тургеневка 2015 года посадки изучалось влияние минеральных удобрений на динамику минерального азота (Nмин.) в слое почвы 0-60 см. Схема опыта: 1. контроль; 2. N30K40; 3. N60K80; 4. N90K120; 5. N120K160. Использованные удобрения -мочевина и сульфат калия. В периоды вегетации 2017 и 2018 годов содержание Nмин. в почве без внесения удобрений изменялось в пределах 3,0…29,9 мг/кг. При внесении удобрений концентрация Nмин. в почве возрастала в 1,6-13,2 раза. Наибольший уровень Nмин. для всех вариантов опыта отмечен в мае, а наименьший -в июле и августе.При внесении удобрений в дозах N90K120 и N120K160 наблюдалось перемещение Nмин. в более глубокие слои почвы. Внесение удобрений в дозах N60K80 и N120K160 приводило к достоверному увеличению диаметра штамба (на 11 %) только в первый год их применения.Увеличение урожайности при внесении удобрений было несущественным (на 17-22 %).Ключевые слова: вишня, динамика минерального азота, азотные удобрения Summary. The effect of mineral fertilizers on the dynamics of mineral nitrogen (Nmin) in the soil layer 0-60 cm was studied in the field experiment with sour cherry trees of the Turgenevka variety planted in 2015. Treatments included: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2. N30K40; 3. N60K80; 4. N90K120; 5. N120K160. Urea and potassium sulfate were used as fertilizers. During the growing periods in 2017 and 2018 the Nmin content changed within 3.0…29.9 mg/kg in the soil without fertilizer application. The Nmin concentration was increased by 1.6-13.3 times in the soil when applying fertilizers. The highest level of Nmin was observed in May for all variants while the lowest level was in July and August. The movement of mineral nitrogen in the deeper layers of the soil was observed when applying fertilizers in N90K120 and N120K160 doses. The application of fertilizers in N60K80 and N120K160 doses led to a significant increase in the trunk diameter (by 11%) in the first year of their use. With fertilizer application the increase in yield was not significant (by 17-22%).

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The experiment was carried out to study the relationship between the soil calcium conditions and the content of this element in fruit and leaves of apple trees at ground fertilization with nitrogen and potassium. The experimental orchard is located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Oryol region). The soil of the orchard is Loamy haplic luvisol with a slightly acidic reaction and a high content of organic matter. Fruit plantations are represented by apple trees of ‘Sinap orlovsky’ variety on rootstock 54-118 planted in 2013. Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride were used as soil fertilizers and applied early in spring at doses of N30K40, N60K80 and N90K120. Annually from 2016 to 2019, the content of exchangeable and water-soluble Ca compounds in the orchard soil and the total element content in leaves and fruits were determined. With the annual application of nitrogen and potash fertilizers the changes in the conditions of apple tree calcium nutrition occured already in the first years after treatments. The changes lay in increasing the calcium mobility and subsequent decrease in the element’s concentration in the root zone. At the same time, there was an annual decrease in the calcium status of fruits. The Ca content in fruits was positively correlated with the content in the soil of exchange (r = 0.43; P<0.05) and water-soluble (r = 0.51; P<0.01) forms of the element. There was no statistically significant relationship between the studied soil calcium forms and element content in apple leaves.