This study was conducted to determine the compatibility of Contans® () with fungicides against . Results showed that both Contans® and Topsin® significantly reduced the disease incidence caused by by 90% and 95% survival plants, respectively when they were individually applied and compared to control. While, soil application of Contans® and Sumisclex mixture was the most effective in suppressing the white rot disease incidence that produced 100% survival plants, application of combined with the reduced doses of fungicides would be advantageous in saving labor cost, thus increasing production efficiency of bean.

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The inhibitory effects of secondary metabolites of Sclerotium cepivorum against itself were studied both in vitro and in vivo. The highest inhibition of fungal growth and a 98.6 % reduction in the number of sclerotia was obtained with 50 % culture filtrate. No sclerotial germination was observed on media amended with culture filtrates at 10, 25 and 50 %. Methanol extract of mycelia and sclerotia, and ethyl acetate extract of culture filtrate both exhibited over 90 % inhibition of S. cepivorum growth at 1200 ppm. A chloroform extract of culture filtrate resulted in 71.1 % inhibition at 1200 ppm. All extracts completely suppressed the formation and germination of sclerotia at 400, 800 and 1200 ppm. In greenhouse experiments, no disease was observed with the ethyl acetate extract when onion seedlings were dipped in the extract for 4 or 8 h. The GC-MS analysis revealed 28 compounds in the methanol extract. The methanol extract contained mainly hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (31.16 %), whereas 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, HMF, (36.40 %) was the main constituent of the ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that the secondary metabolites of S. cepivorum are potential and promising antifungal agents for the control of onion white rot. These results can be also applied to reduce the incidence and severity of other diseases in different crops.

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The aim of this study is to find an effective alternative method for controlling cucumber downy mildew disease caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis by using eco-frind by fungi such as Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum instead of chemical fungicide like copper acrobat under greenhouse conditions. Sprayed method of antagonistic fungi spore suspension was used on plants at a rate of 1 x 10 7 colony forming unit (cfu). By applying it before any symptoms of infection appear (in a protective method), and ten days after the appearance of symptoms of infection (in a curative method). The results of the obtained experiment here showed that T. harzianum was superior during different growth periods up to 90 days, as it gave 44.30% disease incidence and 19.26% disease severity compared to both control (100% disease incidence as well disease severity) and the chemical fungicide (66.67% disease incidence and 25.93% disease severity). The results of a curative trial also showed T. harzianum was given during different growth periods up to 90 days, where 40% disease incidence and 31% disease severity compared to control (100% disease incidence and disease severity 74.44%) and chemical fungicide (20% disease incidence and 29.49% disease severity). While T. viride achieved moderate results as compared to control (60% disease incidence and 27.22% disease severity).From the results obtained, it is evident that T. harzianum gave better results than T. viride, and therefore we recommend using it in resisting downy mildew in cucumber.