The current investigation was executed to assess the effects of magnetization, which combines magnetized water (MW) and magnetic iron (150g tree -1 ), and organic acids (Humic acid at 150cm tree -1 ) As anti-salinity factors in mitigating the negative effects of salinity on growth, leaf mineral contents, yield and fruit properties of Washington Navel orange trees planted in sandy soil and watered with drip irrigation method (ECw of irrigation water = 4ds/m) in 2014 and 2015 under El-Behera governorate conditions. The results indicated that the trees subjected to combination treatment involved (MW) and humic acid as soil application or magnetic iron gave the best vegetative growth parameters (tree height, canopy volume, No. of shoots per branch, shoot length, No. of leaves shoot and leaf area compared to comparative treatment (the control). Soil application of humic acid under irrigation with MW(MW+ Humic acid) increased mineral contents for leaves (N, P, K, and Mg) meanwhile, the sequence of MW+ magnetic iron gave the highest Ca content. The highest leaf Na content (0.48 and 0.52%) obtained by the control meanwhile, the lowest leaf proline content (10.0 and 9.2mg g -1 ) was obtained by combination treatment (MW + humic acid) compared to the highest values (12.4 and 12.7mg g -1 ) recorded with the control (WW). Yield and fruit quality attributes were increased with soil application of humic acid or magnetic iron following irrigation with magnetized water.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the relation between depression and dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Clinically diagnosed Type 2 diabetes underwent screening for depression using Beck's Depression Inventory scale and subsequent risk of dementia defined using medical reports, prescription data and death certificates. The mediating act of inflammation systemically was measured by assessing three inflammatory markers (C reactive protein, ESR and Fibrinogen). Results: The study was conducted on 102 diabetic type 2 patients, included 48 males and 54 females. Patients divided into 12 (11.7%) patients with depression and 90 (88.3%) patients without depression (mean age 61±8.6 and 60.9±9.2 respectively). Mean BMI (body mass index) in depressive patients was 33.5 ± 9.3 and was 31.9 ± 8.9 in non-depressive cases (P value 0.01). There were no significant differences in patients with and without depression regarding the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking as risk factors of dementia. Patients with depression had significant impaired cognition and the total MoCA (Montereal Cognitive Assessment) scores were significantly lower than those of patients without depression (23.21 ± 3.48 vs 26.34 ± 3.78, P <0.05). Complication of diabetes in patients with depression as neuropathy was significant (P value 0.005). Other complications as diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy were non-significant. Inflammatory markers levels in patients with depressive symptoms were significantly higher (P value < 0.01). Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is an important association between dementia and depression. Systemic inflammation had a significant role in the relation between depression and dementia.