This literature review section on dual-career commuter marriages focuses on an ever-growing trend in career development andfamily dynamics that challenges the therapist to look at approaches to intervention in a new way. Selected research and strategies are presented to intrigue the reader to pursue a better understanding of this phenomenon.
Pseudosuchian archosaurs, reptiles more closely related to crocodylians than to birds, exhibited high morphological diversity during the Triassic and are thus associated with hypotheses of high ecological diversity during this time. One example involves basal loricatans which are non‐crocodylomorph pseudosuchians traditionally known as “rauisuchians.” Their large size (5–8+ m long) and morphological similarities to post‐Triassic theropod dinosaurs, including dorsoventrally deep skulls and serrated dentitions, suggest basal loricatans were apex predators. However, this hypothesis does not consider functional behaviors that can influence more refined roles of predators in their environment, for example, degree of carcass utilization. Here, we apply finite element analysis to a juvenile but three‐dimensionally well‐preserved cranium of the basal loricatan Saurosuchus galilei to investigate its functional morphology and to compare with stress distributions from the theropod Allosaurus fragilis to assess degrees of functional convergence between Triassic and post‐Triassic carnivores. We find similar stress distributions and magnitudes between the two study taxa under the same functional simulations, indicating that Saurosuchus had a somewhat strong skull and thus exhibited some degree of functional convergence with theropods. However, Saurosuchus also had a weak bite for an animal of its size (1015–1885 N) that is broadly equivalent to the bite force of modern gharials (Gavialis gangeticus). We infer that Saurosuchus potentially avoided tooth–bone interactions and consumed the softer parts of carcasses, unlike theropods and other basal loricatans. This deduced feeding mode for Saurosuchus increases the known functional diversity of basal loricatans and highlights functional differences between Triassic and post‐Triassic apex predators.
The authors present an examination of established models on trust building issues in multicultural counseling and apply them with the Inupiat Eskimo population. Drawing on the cultural strengths of the Inupiat communities, counselors traverse challenging cultural barriers and develop positive working relationships with families and individual clients within the communities of Alaska. Cultural competence is discussed and guidelines for multicultural counseling are provided. The principles outlined in this paper, whilst developed in this instance in a particular location and cultural context, have relevance for other situations where counseling involving a minority is concerned. The overriding element is working at and maintaining trust, with this being the essential foundation upon which other counseling strategies are implemented.
Researchers in this study used a phenomenological approach (Moustakas, 1994) to conduct and analyze interviews of 15 Latinx and Asian immigrants and refugees who shared their pre-migration, migration, and post-migration experiences. The participants were also asked to describe their perceived counseling needs at each stage of their journey. Four themes were identified: dire decisions, resilience and perseverance, trauma and loss, and human rights violations. Implications include the need for counselors to understand the journey experiences of immigrants and refugees, recognize their resilience and perseverance, and engage in advocacybased counseling approaches that are essential when supporting clients who identify as immigrants or refugees during their resettlement and post-immigration period.
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