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Click It or Ticket (CIOT) is an intense, short duration, seat belt enforcement program which relies heavily on paid media to reach all motorists. Ten states that implemented CIOT during May 2002, were compared with four states that conducted belt use enforcement but with limited specific paid advertisement placement and four states that conducted enforcement but without specific paid advertisement placement. Belt use increased 8.6 percentage points averaged across the ten CIOT states; 2.7 percentage points across the four limited paid advertisement placement states; versus 0.5 percentage points across the four states using no specific paid advertisement placement. Phone and paper and pencil surveys verified that more drivers in the CIOT states were aware of the heightened enforcement than in the limited or no specific paid advertisement placement states. Belt use enforcement which is highly publicized through paid media can achieve a substantial increase in a state's overall belt rate.

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Reported truck driver fatigue increased after the new rule was implemented, suggesting that the rule change may not have achieved the goal of reducing fatigued driving. Reported violations of the work rules remain common. Because many trucks already have electronic recorders, requiring them as a means of monitoring driving hours appears feasible.

Sponsoring Agency Code Supplementary Notes AbstractThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's 2006 Drunk Driving. Over the Limit. Under Arrest. Labor Day holiday campaign had three main components: (1) DWI enforcement, (2) public awareness efforts, and (3) evaluation. The 2006 program used approximately $10 million in Congressionally funded television and radio advertisements. The message was that police would arrest drivers if they were caught driving drunk. Thirty States reported spending $8 million locally on similar messages. Eighteen nights of enforcement focused on apprehending intoxicated drivers. Forty-eight States reported over 40,000 DWI arrests. National random sample telephone surveys conducted prior to and just after the campaign found that the media effort increased awareness of the enforcement crackdown and a small increase in the perceived likelihood of being stopped for drinking and driving, but indicated no self-reported changes in drinking driving behavior. The number of alcohol-related fatalities were essentially unchanged from the year before; drivers with positive blood alcohol concentrations (.08+ grams per deciliter) who were male, age 18 to 34, decreased in number from 2005 to 2006 (4,996 versus 4,872). Case studies document recent efforts in 8 States, demonstrating that States can achieve significant reduction in alcohol-related crashes when they engage in sustained high-visibility enforcement (Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, Tennessee, and West Virginia) , includes short-duration, intensive law enforcement, supported by paid and earned media that emphasizes heightened enforcement efforts and is a proven method to raise seat belt use within a short period of time (Solomon, Ulmer, & Preusser, 2002). Although impaired driving is a complex problem with many factors other than enforcement that influence the number of alcohol-related crashes, high-visibility enforcement crackdowns are an important part of the overall strategy.The 2006 program of enforcement and paid and earned media was scheduled around the Labor Day holiday period. National efforts and advertisements carried the slogan, Drunk Driving. Over the Limit. Under Arrest. The centerpiece of the paid media effort included a national television advertisement showing young adult males of differing races in a variety of settings (e.g., urban, suburban, and rural locations) as they were being arrested for driving drunk. The narrator says that "All across America, police are stepping up enforcement, and if you drink and drive you will be arrested." NHTSA planned a paid media campaign that spanned 3 weekends leading up to and around the Labor Day holiday period. Eighteen consecutive nights of intensive DWI enforcement beginning on August 18, 2006, were sought from participating State and local law enforcement agencies. That enforcement was to involve highvisibility DWI checkpoints and/or saturation patrol techniques. Evaluation MethodsPaid and earned media data were collected from NHTSA's nation...