The study was conducted aiming at the isolation and identification of Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from different brands of poultry feeds sold in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Seven different poultry feeds were subjected to microbiological analysis. All these samples were analyzed by culturing in different media such as nutrient broth (NB), nutrient Agar (NA), SS Agar (Salmonella-Shigella Agar), BGA (brilliant-green Agar), Mac Conkey, DHL and EMB (eosin methylene blue) media. Total bacterial colonies of all the samples were counted separately on the nutrient Agar media. Hence, bacteria were counted as 9.5×105 in the feed sample C (Layer) which was found to be the highest in number among the poultry feeds. Total viable count (TVC) of Salmonella and E. coli in the feed samples were as 0 to 6.75×104 and 0 to 3.05×104 respectively.  Both organisms were found in 71.43% and 57.14% of the analyzed feed samples, respectively. The highest number of Salmonella was found in sample C (Layer) feeds and that of E. coli was found in sample B (Grower) feeds. The widespread occurrence of Salmonella and E. coli in poultry feeds reinforces the need for effective control measures, hygiene in processing and handling of feeds. Keywords: Salmonella; Escherichia coli; Poultry feeds; Total viable count; Contamination; Hygiene. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7128                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 403-411 (2011)

This study was conducted to determine lethal effects of Salmonella toxin isolated from layer chickens. The chickens were collected from Paragon Poultry Farm, Rangpur and Ahana Poultry Farm, Dinajpur and brought to the Microbiology Laboratory at the Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, to isolate and identify Salmonella spp., and subsequent toxin separation from the isolated organisms for the detection of lethal effects of the toxin. The lethality of isolated toxin was evaluated in day-old-chick. The toxicity in case of oral administration was 50%, whereas the rate was 80% when chicks were administered through intra-peritoneal route. The chick mortality rate was 65%. For toxin extraction, Salmonellae were isolated and identified from layer chickens. Out of 196 organ samples, 51 were found to be positive for Salmonella spp., of which 33 and 18 were of Paragon Poultry Farm and Ahana Poultry Farm, respectively. Total 60 chickens (27 pullets and 33 layers) were screened. The percentages of positive samples (liver, spleen, lung, heart) from these farms were 29.82 and 20.73%, respectively and the average prevalence of Salmonellae was 26.02%. In case of Paragon Poultry Farm, the prevalence of salmonellosis in pullet was 23.08% and in layer, it was 35.48%, whereas in case of Ahana Poultry Farm, the prevalence was 16.67 and 23.91%, respectively.

The collisionless magnetized complex plasma (MCP) is considered to describe the nonlinear oblique propagation of dust-ion acoustic (DIA) shock wave and oscillatory wave having periodicity due to the impact of plasma parameters. Such plasma is composed of the dynamic ions having viscous influence, (α, q)-velocity distributed electrons, and static positive or negative dust charged particles. By implementing only the expansion of perturb quantities, the Burgers equation (BE) having quadratic nonlinearity (QN), cubic nonlinearity (CN), and composition of QN and CN are derived. Based on the useful exact solutions of these equations, the effect of physical parameters on the propagation of DIA shock wave, DIA oscillatory wave having periodicity and DIA double layer are discussed. It is found that the plasma system supports the shock and periodic wave excitations with both positive and negative polarity described by BE having QN. In addition, BE having CN supports shock and periodic wave excitations with only positive polarity. BE having a composition of QN and CN supports both shock wave excitations and double layer as well as both left to right and right to left propagating oscillatory waves having periodicity. The presented results would be applicable to space MCP regimes and further experimental verification.