No abstract

A set of equipment has been examined for treating industrial discharges containing halogens. The discharges are subject to chemisorption, condensation, and heat treatment to remove the halogens from the system before the last stage of treatment. The best design characteristics of the equipment and the processing parameters have been determined, which correspond to maximum removal of the halogen-bearing substances and minimal CO 2 discharge, which provides an efficient system for cleaning up pollutants with global action.It is necessary to treat discharges from chemical processes containing halogen compounds on account of the international obligations of Russia under the Kyoto Convention and the Framework Convention of UNO concerning climate change associated with greenhouse gases. Currently, the treatment of discharges containing halogen-bearing substances is based on apparatus that employs condensation, sorption, catalytic combustion, and fire treatment [1,2]. Condensation and sorption are ineffective at pollutant concentrations less than 1-2 g/m 3 . Catalytic combustion involves difficulty in choosing the catalysts. The most reliable method when there are chlorine-bearing components is flame treatment [3]. The traditional devices in treatment systems are high-temperature furnaces and HCl neutralizers in the combustion products.However, the direct combustion of halogens in the hydrocarbon flame may lead to the formation of highly toxic substances such as phosgene and more hazardous compounds. To choose a method of neutralizing the combustion products, it is necessary at least to identify the compounds synthesized in the flame, which is essentially difficult. Consequently, reliable treatment of halogen-bearing discharges needs a combination of plant in systems that provide for removing the halogens before the heat treatment.We have examined a system for the comprehensive treatment of discharges containing the vapors of halogen-bearing solvents, which consists of a contact apparatus, a condenser, and a burner device. We have tested contact equipment of two types, which implement displacement and mixing. Methods and conditions have been determined for maximally reliable treatment, which provide for separating out the chlorine before the discharges enter the flame zone.The discharge treatment system works as follows. Chlorine compounds pass to the contact apparatus, where they are subject to thermodestruction on contact with a metal oxide, and then the released chlorine is bound to the metal:

МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ НА ТЕПЛОВЫХ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СТАНЦИЯХ С УЧЕТОМ ВЫБРОСА ЗАГРЯЗНИТЕЛЕЙ Зиганшин М. Г. Казанский государственный энергетический университет, г. Казань, Россия mjihan@mail.ru Резюме: В статье отмечаются риски на пути роста энергетического потенциала в связи с недавним принятием Правительством РФ Парижского соглашения по климату. Согласно с последними данными ООН, концентрации парниковых газов в атмосфере продолжают расти. Следовательно, от России потребуется довести сокращение выбросов CO 2 до 33-40%, что повлечет за собой снижение производства, в том числе энергогенерации, на органическом топливе. Вместе с тем, в решениях Парижского соглашения отсутствуют конкретные инструменты контроля «низкоуглеродности» производства. Это может приводить к необъективному принятию решений по проблемам «низкоуглеродности» производства как на глобальном, так и на национальном уровнях. Предлагается система рейтинговых оценок, дающая средневзвешенные числовые показатели эффективности работы генерирующих предприятий по выбросу токсичных ингредиентов и парниковых газов, с учетом энергозатрат на восстановление воздушного ареала вокруг источника выброса. Проведена валидация методики рейтинговой оценки по категории источников «стационарное сжигание топлива» при энергогенерации. Результаты расчетов по предлагаемой методике, получаемые с учетом фактической загрузки объектов, показали физическую адекватность и объективность оценки энергогенерации на тепловых станциях различного назначения по выбросу загрязнителей разнонаправленного действия. Представленные рейтинговые характеристики могут использоваться в глобальном и/или национальном масштабах, а также для внутренних целей организаций, например, при сопоставлении своих объектов с целью индикации узких мест в реальных производственных условиях. Ключевые слова: тепловая электростанция, сжигание топлива, эффективность, парниковые газы, токсичные загрязнители, рейтинговая оценка, метод.Для цитирования: Зиганшин М.Г. Методика оценки эффективности генерации на тепловых электрических станциях с учетом выброса загрязнителей // Известия высших учебных заведений. Abstract:The article notes the risks to the growth of energy potential in connection with the recent adoption by the Government of the Russian Federation of the Paris Climate Agreement. According to the latest UN data, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere continues to increase. Consequently, Russia will be required to bring the reduction of CO2 emissions to 33-40%, which will entail a decrease in the production, including energy generation, at the base of fossil fuels. At the same time, in the decisions of the Paris Agreement there are no specific tools to control the "low-carbon" production. This can lead to biased decision-making on the problems of "low-carbon" production both at the global and national levels. A rating system is proposed that provides weighted average numerical indicators of the efficiency of generating enterprises in the release of toxic ingredients and greenhouse gas...

The issues of the formation of toxic compounds that enter the air of the residential area during the circulation of household waste and the provision of energy supply services, in particular, during the decentralization of heat supply to residential buildings, are considered. The problems of finding the optimal ways to reduce toxic emissions are solved using a numerical experiment based on computational fluid dynamics. The results of numerical modeling of the corresponding combustion device are compared with the geometry created using the Gambit software and in the Solid Edge 3D design environment. The influence of the pressure in the furnace on the characteristics of fuel combustion during operation in the pressurization mode of the recently widespread condensing boilers is given. Acceptable simplifications for the application of the normative method in the calculations of modern combustion devices with a specific geometry are proposed.

The aim of the work is to improve cyclone and filter dust collectors by increasing the efficiency of fine particle deposition classes PM10, PM2,5 as well as reducing energy and material costs. The analysis of existing methods of cyclonic filtration of industrial dispersed emissions is carried out. The laboratory tests of the cyclone filter, made by modernization of the cyclone CN-11-200, were performed, the aerodynamic characteristics of its operation were found. The calculated determination of the efficiency of suspension deposition from multiphase flow in the separator using a dimensionless Re r criterion is performed, derived from the Navier-Stokes single-phase flow equations of motion and the particle motion equation based on Newton’s law. A numerically studied the aerodynamic parameters of the cyclone on the basis of computational fluid dynamics methods. For mathematical modeling of turbulence we used the DES model