The gate current of MOS tunneling diodes biased at inversion region with different substrate doping is investigated. For p-type substrate (1-5-cm) devices, the tunneling diode works in the deep depletion region and the inversion current is dominated by the thermal generation rate of minority electrons via traps at Si/SiO 2 interface and in the deep depletion region. The activation energy is approximately equal to half of the silicon bandgap independent of gate voltage. For devices on p + substrate (0.01-0.05-cm), the band-to-traps tunneling and band-to-band tunneling are the dominating current components at inversion bias, and reveal a strong field dependence and a weak temperature dependence. The band-to-traps and band-to-band current components are even more significant in the devices on the p ++ substrate (0.001-0.0025-cm). Finally, the effects of temperature and light illumination on inversion current of MOS tunneling diodes will be also discussed. Index Terms-Inversion current, MOS tunneling diode, ultrathin oxide.

A metal/oxide/p-Si structure with the ultrathin oxide is utilized as a photodetector. At positive gate bias, the dark current of the photodetector is limited by the thermal generation of minority carrier in the inversion layer. The high growth temperature (1000 C) of the gate oxide can reduce the dark current to a level as low as 3 nA/cm 2 . As biased in the inversion layer, the tunneling diode works in the deep depletion region with the soft pinning of oxide voltage, instead of the pinning of surface potential, very different from the conventional MOS diode with thick oxide.Index Terms-MOS tunneling diode, photodetector, rapid thermal oxide.

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Both NMOS and PMOS light-emitting diodes and photodetectors are demonstrated. For the ultrathin gate oxide, the tunneling gate of metal oxide silicon (MOS) diodes can be utilized as both emitters for light emitting devices and collectors for light detectors. An electron-hole plasma model is used to fit the emission spectra. A surface band bending is responsible for the bandgap reduction in electroluminescence (EL) from the MOS tunneling diode. The dark current of the photodetectors is limited by the thermal generation of minority carrier in the inversion layer. The high growth temperature(l000"C) of the oxide can reduce the dark current to a level as low as 3nAlcm2.