We propose a novel method to characterize the temporal duration and shape of femtosecond x-ray pulses in a free-electron laser (FEL) by measuring the time-resolved electron-beam energy loss and energy spread induced by the FEL process, with a transverse radio-frequency deflector located after the undulator. Its merits are simplicity, high resolution, wide diagnostic range, and noninvasive to user operation. When the system is applied to the Linac Coherent Light Source, the world's most powerful x-ray FEL, it can provide single-shot measurements of the electron-beam and x-ray pulses with a resolution on the order of 1-2 femtoseconds rms.

A design of a muon collider ring with the center of mass energy of 6 TeV is presented. The ring circumference is about 6.3 km, and the  functions at collision point are 1 cm in both planes. The ring linear optics, the non-linear chromaticity correction scheme in the Interaction Region (IR), and the additional non-linear field orthogonal knobs are described. The IR magnet specifications are based on the maximum pole tip field of 20 T in dipoles and 15 T in quadrupoles. The results of the beam dynamics optimization for maximum dynamic aperture are presented.

The management of learning resources is based on educational information technology, and the interactive learning method can improve teaching efficiency in colleges and universities. However, the diversity of resources leads to differences in teaching levels and attributes. To further improve students’ utilization of learning resources and the level of teaching in colleges and universities, the impact of online teaching using interactive learning methods on the utilization of learning resources was explored, and the application of database teaching in online teaching platform was analyzed. Based on this platform, the structure of an interactive learning-based intelligent Q&A module was established to determine the impact of online teaching on the utilization of learning resources using interactive learning methods. Results indicate that the proposed method can effectively save students learning time while improving learning efficiency. The proportion of students who are not interested in online teaching using interactive learning methods is reduced to 0%. The application of the method described in this study is beneficial for enhancing students’ interest in online teaching using interactive learning methods, improving their learning outcomes, and increasing their academic achievements.