The temperature dependence of the kinetic friction between a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface and a silicon nitride probe tip has been evaluated through atomic force microscopy measurements performed under an ultra-high vacuum environment over the temperature range 140-750 K. As temperature increases from 140 to 400 K a sharp decrease in friction is observed. A relatively weaker dependence on temperature is observed in the friction measured between 400 and 750 K. Collectively, these results obtained from a fundamental interface are consistent with an activated mechanism of energy dissipation during sliding.

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This paper considers the effects of natural and artificial openings of a typical, small, southern California coastal estuarine lagoon on the adjacent barrier beach. A detailed history of beach profiles and lagoon entrance transects before and after flood-induced and artificial openings of San Dieguito Lagoon in Del Mar, California, has been analyzed. The results suggest that there is no statistically significant erosional effect on the adjacent beach when the lagoon inlet is artificially opened to tidal flow.

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