A shape retaining asbestos diaphragm which is well suited for alkali chloride solution electrolysis can be obtained from sintering of a mixture of asbestos and a modified polytetrafluoroethylene powder. The usual different polymers of tetrafluoroethylene are not suitable as additives to asbestos diaphragms, whereas an irradiation process permits the production of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene powder which has proved its worth as a component in the diaphragm composition. With reactants present during the irradiation process, functional groups which reduce the water repellency of the polytetrafluoroethylene are incorporated into the polymer. The parallel process of partial polymer chain degradation simultaneously provides an intense reduction of the melt viscosity of the polytetrafluoroethylene so that a composite structure with asbestos can be formed by sintering.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Ein fur die Chloralkali-Elektrolyse gut geeignetes formstabiles Asbestdiaphragma wird durch Sinterung einer Mischung aus Asbest und einem modifizierten Polytetrafluorethylen-Pulver erzielt. Wtihrend die ublichen Tetrafluorethylen-Polymerisate als Zusatzstoffe fur Asbestdiaphragmen ungeeignet sind, kann durch einen strahlenchemischen Proze8 ein modifiziertes Polytetrafluorethylen-Pulver erhalten werden, das sich als Binderkomponente bewithrt. Bei Anwesenheit von Reaktanten withrend des Bestrahlungsprozesses werden funktionelle Gruppen im Polytetrafluorethylen eingebaut, die die Hydrophobie des Polymeren mindern. Infolge des parallel ablaufenden partiellen Polymerkettenabbaus wird gleichzeitig die Schmelzviskosittit des Polytetrafluorethylens stark reduziert, so da8 eine Verbundbildung mit dem Asbest durch einen Sintervorgang erreicht werden kann.
Dedicated to Professor Otto BROMMER on the occasion of his 70th birthday Combined photoemission core level and satellite structure investigations of pyrolytic titanium-rich Ti,Ru, -,-oxide layers (0.90 5 x 5 0.97) and RuO, layers on titanium are used to gain structural and compositional information about these electro-catalytically active surfaces. By means of this method deviations from stoichiometry, the formation of carbon interstitials and the growth of anatase by ruthenium loss could be pointed out.
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