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Pharmaceutical risk-sharing arrangements have emerged as a reasonable tool to promote sustainable access to innovative medicines with uncertain clinical evidence and/or economic impact from the payer perspective. These funding mechanisms pose an alternative option to the traditional fixed-price methods and are intended to align the price of medication with the value delivered in treating patients, balancing clinical need with affordability in the face of increasing therapeutic innovation and ever-tight budgets. The Catalan Health Service (CatSalut) has set up a systematic, traceable, and transparent methodology for the design and implementation of risk-sharing arrangements and 15 of such access schemes have been successfully implemented until December 2019. Our experience has acknowledged the need for a robust study design, appropriate financial, technical, and administrative resources, and strong stakeholder commitment and communication as critical to the success of risk-sharing arrangements. While the experience in Catalonia has been positive and has served to highlight the potential of such schemes in tackling public health policy concerns, this exchange can often be undermined by the lack of transparency surrounding risk-sharing arrangements and the fact that the literature related to their methodology, implementation, and impact is scarce. Further studies should be conducted and shared to address this obstacle.

Swarm robotics deals with emergent behavior of a collection of robots. These robots must be cheap and small in order to make it feasible to have a swarm out of them. In this work we present a prototype for one of such robots with emphasis on communication and processing capabilities. The result is a flexible, reconfigurable, dual-processor robot that could be used in physical modeling of robot swarms. The built prototype shows that further implementations can be easily downsized and inexpensive.

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