Background: Cardiovascular-diseases (CVD) are caused by different metabolic-anomalies related to hypertension/sedentary life-style/drug-addiction/dyslipidemia and diabetes. Scanty report suggests that metabolic-rate regulating thyroid hormones are linked to CVD. Methods: A total 59 individuals (male, >45 yrs) were involved in this study. Blood-samples from diagnosed cardiacpatients troponin (N=13, trop-T+), individuals with high-risk (N=15) (high glucose/cholesterol/triglycerides) with agematched controls (N=31) were tested for the evaluation of lipid-profiles/thyroid-hormones; Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone (T3/T4/TSH), blood-glucose/oxidative-stress indicators like malondialdehyde(MDA)/non-protein-soluble-thiol(NPSH) and metabolic inflammatory-marker; human C-reactive protein hsCRP by biochemical-methods/ELISA. Result: Correlation-data suggest that in normal-condition there is no significant correlation between thyroid-hormones and other parameters. In contrary, blood-glucose/triglyceride/uric-acid/proteins are correlated in cardiac and high-risk patients suggesting hypermetabolic conversion of nutrients by biochemical connectors like TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis pathways. Further, the hypermetabolic-state is favored by the rise in the thyroid hormones level. In high-glucose group there is a significant correlation between metabolic-parameter and oxidative-stress indices like uric-acid/NPSH/MDA. T3 and T4 have also been linked to the serum-protein. But in the trop t+ group all thyroid hormones have been significantly associated with blood cholesterol/triglyceride and glucose suggesting the increasing involvement of thyroid-hormone in risk-factors and disease groups. The hsCRP level was ~100% and ~5-fold higher in high cholesterol and trop t+ groups, respectively. T3 was also ~70%, ~4.5-fold and ~3.5-fold higher in high-glucose/high-cholesterol/trop-t+ groups, respectively. This suggests that T3/TSH is linked to the pathogenesis and severity. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia, oxidant-stress in association with T3 augment cardiac-pathogenesis.

Background: The term "thyroid diabetes" depicts the effect of excess thyroid hormones in the progressively worsening glucose control. Subclinical hypothyroidism is most commonly present in females than males, reaching a prevalence of up to 20% in older females. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are the principal causes of hyper-and hypothyroidisms. Objectives: (1) To study the prevalence of hypothyroidism in diabetes and to evaluate the etiologic evidence of triglycerides on prevailing cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome. (2) To determine the mean levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, triiodothyronine, serum thyroxin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. (3) To evaluate the hemoglobin levels and to establish the prevalence of anemia in diabetic patients with hypothyroidism. (4) To determine the mean age and male/female ratio in diabetic patients with hypothyroidism.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a standout amongst the most widely recognized cause for hospitalization in the United States, representing around 220,000 cases for each year. Among the new cases, 80% are interstitial and 20% are necrotizing. Methodology The study was conducted From March to May 2016, in Owaisi Hospital, a 1000 bedded teaching hospital, situated in Hyderabad, providing specialized tertiary level health care services to all strata of people. Patients visiting the outpatient department of general medicine in owaisi hospital were selected for the present study, the patients selected has a history of pancreatic enzymes elevation for more than a year. Aims And Objectives : This planned study has been attempted with the accompanying targets, to concentrate on the predominance of amylase and lipase levels in acute pancreatitis patients and to assess the etiologic proof as diagnostic marker in patients with acute pancreatitis. Results: the total of 60 patients were included in the study with the history of pancreatitis, which includes 37 females and 23 males, along with the inter group evaluation of serum lipase, amylase and hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: it can be concluded that the serum amylase , lipase , SGOT and SGPT levels are increased which is associated with the decreased hemoglobin levels in both males and women, hence we conclude that the Males are more prone to acute and chronic pancreatitis than female.

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BACKGROUNDHypothyroidism is a clinical condition arising because of the inadequacy of thyroid hormones or from inability to perform a normal function. Hypothyroidism is a typical metabolic condition in almost all community groups. In India, 42 million individuals are experiencing thyroid disease; hypothyroidism being the commonest thyroid disorder. (1) Serum calcium levels are lower in patients with high TSH than with typical TSH (p <0.01). (2) METHODOLOGY There were 50 females with SCH were selected in the study. Patients with 18 to 65 years of age, with TSH levels more than 5.0 mIU/L, free T4 within normal limits, and general well-being patients were incorporated. The study period was from January to April 2016. Owaisi Hospital and Research Centre, it is a 1000 bedded hospital with super specialty services in Hyderabad, giving particularly tertiary level human services to all strata of individuals. RESULTSOut of 50 patients, 24 patients with hypothyroidism are in hypocalcaemia, which constitute 48% (n=24) of the people required in the study had estimation of serum calcium under 9 mg/dL. This shows to be the one of the important concern associated with hypothyroidism. In rest 52% (n=26) of patients who were having normal calcium levels, chances of developing hypocalcaemia in future is high. DISCUSSIONThe mean age, serum calcium and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in AlaEldin S. Ashmaik et al was: Age: 32.00±15.76, TSH: 26.02±34.74, and serum calcium: 7.97±.62 while in our study it shows a mean age of 39.9 ±13.82, TSH: 10.47 ±3.46, and serum calcium: 9.04 ±1.47. The mean age in our study was higher than the study by AlaEldin done in Sudan population, the mean TSH was found to be much lower while the serum calcium levels show elevated levels in our study in contrast to study by AlaEldin S. Ashmaik et al. CONCLUSIONThis study presumed that in Telangana state, patients have low levels of serum calcium in hypothyroidism. S.Ca++ in hypothyroid people demonstrates a constructive connection between the S.Ca++ and serum TSH. These fluctuations of serum calcium ought to be considered in treating the patients with hypothyroidism by therapeutic experts. KEYWORDSHypothyroid, Serum Calcium, TSH. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Khan MK, Mohiuddin MN, Owaisi N. A study on estimation of serum calcium in subclinical hypothyroid females of different age groups and its correlation with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). J. Evid. Based Med.