Innervation of the spleen in guinea-pigs was studied. Adrenergic nerve components of the organ were visualized by glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. The adrenergic nerve components enter the spleen in a common bundle with arteries. In the organ first they form characteristic dense periarterial plexiform arrangements of thicker and thinner nerve profiles, which are especially conspicuous around the aa. centrales running through the white pulp. Then, nerve fibres extend away from these plexuses into the adjacent layers of fibrous trabeculae, further into the marginal layers of periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) as well as into the mantle zone of follicles. Several scattered periarterial and solitary nerve profiles can be seen in the marginal sinuses and cords of the red pulp.Innervation of the wall of large and larger veins is relatively richer than in other mammals. In the fibrous capsule of the spleen several specifically fluorescent nerve fibres can also be seen which have an evident connection with trabecular and parenchymal nerves of the organ.Microscopic findings support the notion that adrenergic nerve components participate in the regulation of vascular motility as well as in the regulation of the microenvironment of the organ's own parenchyma. Innervation, lymphoid organ, white pulp, red pulpWithin the context of developing concept on the immuno-neurohumoral regulation of vitally important functions of the organism, special attention has been paid to the study of the anatomical base for neuroregulation of the lymphoid organs. Based upon a more detailed analysis of published data on the nerve supply of spleen in rats and sheep Felten and Olshowka 1987;Marettová et. al. 1998) as to the results of our previous works on the study of morphological characteristics of innervation of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in various animals (Schmidtová et al. 1995; SiroÈáková and ·kardová 1998; Koãi‰ová et al. 1999), we have examined the adrenergic innervation of the spleen in guinea pigs. Participation of the nerve components in the regulation of organ system function appears to be a very interesting problem also in this laboratory animal. Materials and MethodsClinically healthy animals of both sexes were used in the study. The spleens of eighteen 3-4 month-old guineapigs (weighing 300-350 g) were examined. Before experiments, the animals were reared in the Central Animal Husbandy quarters under veterinary care (food and drinking water were supplied ad libitum). The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital (40 mg /kg i.p.). Adrenergic nerve components of the organ were visualized by a modified fluorescent histochemical method of Shvalev and Zhuckova (1987). Both the microscopic examination and photographic documentation were performed using a Jenalumar 2 (Zeiss, Jena). ResultsAdrenergic nerve components enter the organ in a common bundle with a. lienalis and its branches. Then, in the organ they pass together with arteries in the form of typical

Abstract:The aim of the present study was to compare the presence and topography of intra bursal adrenergic and ACHE-positive nerve structures in the bursa cloacalis of the chickens and pheasants from hatching until 12 months of age. The adrenergic nervous profiles were demonstrated visualized by means of verified histochemical method with glyoxylic acid and for demonstration of ACHE-positive nerve fibres were used the direct tiocholin method cytochemistry evidence acetylcholinesterase. In the bursa cloacalis the distribution and topography of adrenergic and ACHE-positive nerve formation in chickens and pheasants were corresponding. The visible nerve fibres were founded mainly in close connection with vessels or as solitary fibres running through fibrous septa around the lymphatic follicles. Nerve fibres in germinal center of lymphatic follicles were not discover. The highest density of adrenergic and ACHE-positive nerves was observed in the period between 3rd and 4th months of age. After this period gradual reduction of adrenergic and ACHE-positive nerve structures was observed and the bursa cloacalis of a 12 months old chicken and pheasant showed only single nerve structures located mainly in the perivascular topography.

The potential of C. tropicalis to colonize and infect rat tongue mucosa was demonstrated. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were infected orally with three different strains of C. tropicalis. The animals were killed one and three weeks following the inoculation and sections of their tongue were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Grocott stain. Histological changes were observed in the group of animals killed one week after inoculation and infected with C. tropicalis strain isolated from the crural ulcer of a diabetic patient. The most important finding was acute purulent myositis with the formation of abscesses. The myositis was local without signs of spreading to the surrounding tissue. Epithelium-penetrating hyphae observed in the Grocott-stained sections were relatively fewer and more sparsely distributed.

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