Встановлено, що в обстежених вольєрах мисливських господарств вміст гумусу низький – 1,9±0,44 % (n = 16) і характеризується високим рівнем варіювання ознаки (коефіцієнт варіації V = 47,7 %). У вольєрі ТОВ "МСК "Сокіл" різниця вмісту гумусу порівняно з контрольними становила 11,8 %, у ДП "Білокоровицьке ЛГ" – 10,5 %, у ТОВ "МРК "Рись" – 41,8 %, у ТОВ МГ "Сарненське" – 50,2 %, а у ТОВ "УТМР" – 58,7 %. У мисливському господарстві ДП "Городницьке ЛГ" спостерігається лише тенденція до покращення показника, а у ДП "Коростишівське ЛГ" різницю між зразками за вмістом гумусу не зафіксовано. Така неоднозначність у накопиченні гумусу в ґрунті, на нашу думку, зумовлена кількома чинниками: площею вольєра, чисельністю та видовим складом мисливських тварин, тривалістю експлуатації. Упродовж періоду спостережень встановлено чітку лінійну залежність (r = 0,99; R2 = 0,98) між тривалістю функціонування вольєра і вмістом гумусу в шарі 0–20 см. Така тенденція до накопичення загального гумусу за тривалої експлуатації вольєрів у мисливських господарствах, на наш погляд, пов'язана не тільки з надходженням гною від диких тварин, особливо біля підгодівельних майданчиків, але й природним процесом ґрунтоутворення за гумусово-акумулятивним (дерновим) типом, хоча й у послабленому вигляді. Встановлено, що в обстежених вольєрах у ґрунтах вологих сугрудів показник рНсол. становить 3,77±0,24 (дуже сильнокислі) і характеризується середнім рівнем варіювання ознаки (коефіцієнт варіації V, % = 12,8 %). При цьому тривалість та інтенсивність експлуатації вольєрів, а також вид тварин у межах досліджуваних об'єктів не мали істотного впливу на зазначений показник, хоча й виявлено незначну тенденцію до підкислення ґрунту з часом.
One of key problems of the industry of agriculture at the present stage is effective management of an ecosystem of the soil, prevention of distribution of processes of degradation of soil covering and maintaining its energy potential. In this regard, the purpose of researches consisted in studying of a possibility of improvement of the key agrophysical and water-physical indicators of an arable layer of light gray forest soil as making managements of fertility of light-textured soils of Polissya and forming of highly productive agrocenosis of potatoes. Results of researches which were conducted in the conditions of stationary experience "Ecologically safe agrotechnologies" for 2014-2016 years showed that in the conditions of Right-bank Polissya of Ukraine on light gray forest soil transition to moldboardless tillage and application traditional (50 t/hectare of manure and N70P60K70 per culture) and alternative (per culture 50 t/hectare of manure, about 22 t of a green manure crop (Raphanus sativum d. var. oleifera Metrg.), 3 t/hectare of straw + 12.5 kg/hectare of N (compensatory) and N45P50K60 were brought) organo-mineral fertilizer systems create conditions for significant improvement of agrophysical and water-physical indicators of fertility of light gray forest soil. So, at prolonged use of agrotechnologies on the basis of moldboardless and shallow moldboardless tillage without fertilization hardness decreased respectively by 30.0 and 30.9% concerning plowing. However, only on condition of imposing of organo-mineral systems the hardness of the soil decreased up to 16.2-17.5 kg/cm 2 (not very dense), having provided comfortable conditions for growth and development of root systems of plants in a layer of 0-20 cm. The specified options of agrotechnologies promoted decrease in equilibrium density in a layer of 0-20 cm to optimum values (1.25-1.31 g/cm 3), to significant improvement of coefficient of degree of structure and increase in reserves of productive moisture. Thus, only use of agrotechnologies based on moldboardless tillage of soil and organo-mineral fertilizer systems provides significant improvement of agrophysical and water-physical indicators. It correlates with results of accounting of a harvest of tubers of potatoes as during the period of researches advantage of agrotechnologies, which are based on moldboardless tillage it was shown only on options where organo-mineral systems were applied. Further studies should focus on the development of an optimization model for the formation of high productivity and sustainability of potato agrocenosis, including in the organic production system.
We performed an assessment of demographic parameters of occurrence of malignant tumours and mortality of the population which lives in the radioactive contaminated territory of Zhytomyr Oblast (Yemilchynskyi, Luhynskyi, Narodytskyi, Korostenskyi, Olevskyi, and Ovrutskyi districts) over a 32-year period (1985–2017). The source material for the study of the demographic situation and malignant tumours in the population of the radioactive contaminated administrative districts of Zhytomyr Oblast during 1985–2017 was the statistical data of the Management of Healthcare of Zhytomyr Oblast State Administration, Central Department of Statistics in Zhytomyr Oblasts, reports on occurrences of malignant tumours of the state institution Center of Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, data of the Radiological Control Service in Zhytomyr Oblast. It was determined that over 1985–2017 in the radioactive contaminated territory of Zhytomyr Oblast, a natural decline of population was observed, maximum values of which occurred in 2005 (except Narodnytsky district – 2000). The highest levels of occurrence of tumours and mortality caused by them among the adult population were observed 14 years after the Chornobyl nuclear power plant disaster. The peak of the occurrence of malignant tumours among children in the radioactive contaminated territory of Zhytomyr Oblast was observed 9 years after the explosion. A relationship was determined between doses of irradiation of the population and the risk of occurrence of malignant tumours in the radioactive contaminated regions of Zhytomyr Oblast. Taking into account that the method of calculation of passport dose (average annual effective dose of irradiation) was developed 23 years ago, nowadays it can lead to errors. This is related to change in amounts of consumption of different products by the population, which needs to be considered when determining radiological risks. The obtained data indicate that analysis of demographic and onco-epidemiological consequences of the Chornobyl catastrophe remains a relevant issue nowadays and will remain so in the near future.
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