Spermolithiasis has been a neglected subject of discussions and of published observations. This may be due to the fact that the process is fairly uncommon and does not seem to involve serious clinical consequences. It presents, on the other hand, important differential diagnostic aspects in connection with the pathology of the true pelvis and may give rise to misinterpretations unless its possibility is kept in mind. The importance of this rare syndrome is pointed out. Its etiology, pathology, symptomatology, differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed. Five observations are reported.