Styrene emissions were studied during manufacturing of two identical glass-fiber reinforced plastic boats by two different manufacturing methods. The manufacturing methods were spray-up, which is an open method, and vacuum injection, which is a closed method. Changing the manufacturing process from an open method to a closed method decreased the styrene evaporation dramatically in this particular case. By using vacuum injection, the styrene emission during the laminate application was reduced by 98% compared with the styrene emission during laminate application by spray-up. Gel coat application by spraying will remain a major source for styrene emissions. The greatest environmental benefit is achieved with closed manufacturing methods when products without gel coat are made. The whole manufacturing process can then be performed in a closed system virtually free from emissions.

This study treats radionuclide transport calculations for a canister defect scenario in the safety assessment SR 97, which concerns a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel of the KBS-3 type in Sweden. The aims of the calculations are to:Quantitatively describe the radionuclide transport.Show the impact of uncertainty in input data and show which parameters govern the calculated release rates.Compare three different real sites in Sweden (Aberg, Beberg and Ceberg) with each other and with dose limits given in Swedish regulations (none of the sites is considered in the on-going localization process). Only briefly described in this paper.Illustrate the impact of the different barriers in the system.Deterministic calculations illustrate the radionuclide transport for reasonable conditions. Uncertainty cases show the influence of the uncertainty for data related to different parts of the repository system by systematically giving them pessimistic values while all others are reasonable. Simplified probabilistic calculations have also been performed.The analysis shows that the most important parameters in the near field are the number of defective canisters and the instant release fraction. In the far field the most important uncertainties affecting release and retention are connected to permeability and connectivity of the fractures in the rock. The dose rate in the biosphere is essentially controlled by the possibilities of dilution.The calculated maximum doses for the hypothetical repositories are well below the dose limits, and hence they meet the acceptance criteria for a deep repository for spent fuel.

The focus is set on a redesign of an existing draft tube by usage of an automated optimisation based on CFD calculations. By this method a design can be predicted in terms of a predefined objective function, here the pressure recovery factor. The design parameters used are based on spline-functions that are set under certain restrictions. One is that the new design should fit into the old one. The optimisation is performed with the Response Surface Method (RSM) implemented on the commercial code iSIGHT6.0. The flow simulations are carried out with the commercial code, CFX4, with the standard k-ε turbulence model and with boundary conditions based on detailed experimental data. With this set-up and the chosen parameterisation the highest value is found at the edge of the design space allowing for further improvements.

No abstract