The presence of exhaust gas emissions into the environment during the operation of diesel engines is an urgent environmental problem both for the state of the atmospheric air and for agricultural crops, since the toxic substances contained in the exhaust gas are absorbed by plants and accumulated in crop production. Thus, the environmental characteristics of diesel engines are now becoming the most important indicators in their operation. The problem of improving the performance of diesel engines is solving at the present stage in the process of their production by improving and carefully working out the design schemes and technological processes associated with the manufacture of their most important parts, and in the process of operation – by improving the methods and tools used for maintenance and repair. This approach can be considered justified due to the influence of a significant number of factors (design and operational) on the performance of diesel engines. As is known, the quality characteristics of the mixture formation and the nature of the fuel combustion process depend on the fuel supply parameters. Analysing the state of the problem of improving the performance of diesel engines, we can draw the following conclusion: the main reason for the deviation of the working cycle of engines from the set values is the deviation of the fuel supply parameters from the optimal values.

Департамент научно-технологической политики и образования Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научно-исследовательский институт информации и технико-экономических исследований по инженерно-техническому обеспечению агропромышленного комплекса»

This article is devoted to the state of production of crop products and the problems of technical support of peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Based on the results of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 2006 and 2016, using a comparative research method, an analysis of such indicators as: dynamics of cultivated areas, volumes and structure of production; the yield of the main types of agricultural crops in general for the agro-industrial complex of the region and categories of farms; the state and assessment of the development of technical equipment of peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs (the availability of agricultural machinery and the state of the machine and tractor fleet, the actual equipment supply). The place of this category of agricultural producers in the agricultural production of the region has been determined. It is proved that technical equipment has a significant impact on the efficiency of agricultural production of peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs. The study made it possible to identify the factors influencing the efficiency of agricultural production, to formulate conclusions and proposals for the formation on this basis of effective mechanized structures with the required production and economic parameters. The research results can be used in the implementation of the concept of creating a multi-level system of production and technological support of mechanized processes in crop production, optimization of the distribution of work between the performers: agricultural producers and structures of production and technological services.

No abstract

Using statistical research methods, the article reveals the nature of the impact of the main factors on the technical and economic performance of machine-tractor units under various operating conditions. The influence of factors on the need for agricultural machinery is considered. The norm-forming factors that have the greatest impact on the performance of machine-tractor units are substantiated. Keywords: MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT, OPERATION, PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY, NEED, SOIL