The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover is a serious plant pests causing serious damage to the cultivated crops. Entomopathogenic fungi were early used for controlling aphids. Cladosporium cladosporioides is one of the promising candidates fungus can be used as a microorganism or can be used as a source of toxins against insect pests. Present research studied the chemical constituents of methylene chloride extracts of C. cladosporioides. It revealed 17 volatile compounds when analyzed by GC/MS technique. Also, two major compounds were isolated and identified as Pentadecanoic acid methyl ester (Compound 1) and Lupeol (Compound 2). Furthermore, the insecticidal activity of methylene chloride extracts of C. cladosporioides was tested against both adults and nymphs of cotton aphid, A. gossypii. It showed the most effective against nymphs of LC 50 of 212.2319 ppm, LC 90 of 1407.5663 ppm and toxicity index of 100%, while, it showed LC 50 of 276.75 ppm, LC 90 of 1902.15 ppm and toxicity index of 76.69% against adult stage.

Many chitosan adsorbent derivatives for metal ion adsorption have been developed by grafting novel functional groups on the chitosan chain, and these functional groups are combined with chitosan to improve sorption capability. The chemical structure of chitosan was characterized by the spectroscopy of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The degree of N-deacetylation (DDA) was also calculated from FT-IR data. The use of bio sorbent chitosan-fatty acid derivatives makes it possible to extract both heavy metals and organic compounds. In this analysis, the grafting copolymer of fatty chitosan derivatives with acrylic acid polymer was synthesized using ceric ammonium nitrate, the redox nitric acid method under UV irradiation. Synthesized copolymers have been subjected to various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) to confirm the formation of copolymers and to research their thermal stability. The findings show the formation and strong chemical interaction between fatty chitosan derivatives and acrylic acid. Fatty Chitosan derivatives and prepared grafting copolymers have been treated with copper and chromium-containing metal solutions and the results have shown that fatty chitosan derivatives and prepared copolymers are excellent in the removal of heavy metals such as copper and chromium. Prepared compounds could therefore open the way for industrial wastewater treatment.