In this work, phenol/formaldehyde nanocomposites were synthesized using reactive rubber nanoparticles (RRNP) and cloisite30B nanoclay with different percentages and were fully investigated. A little amount of these nanomaterials enhanced the mechanical properties of the produced composites. This enhancement is attributed to the interaction of these nanomaterials with the bakelite matrix. In bakelite/ RRNP, the mechanical properties enhancement is due to the chemical connection of RRNP to the bakelite matrix while in bakelite/Cloisite30B, this enhancement is due to polar/polar interaction. It was observed that the composites exhibited an intercalated disordered structure by means of Xray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy. The crosslinking density of the bakelite network was greatly influenced by the presence and type of nanomaterial that was added to the resin. The thermal stability was investigated with TGA/DSC which proved that these nanocomposite are (10e20)% more thermally stable than neat Bakelite resin.

Use of the synthesized aqueous polyurethane acrylate (no volatile organic compound emission) binders 1-7, in pigment printing of cotton fabrics using silk screen technique. FT-IR spectra of binders via UV curing show the disappearance of ast C=C and δ: =C-H absorption bands from the spectra chart of cured, which proofed the occurrence of cross lin king reaction via terminal free acry late double bond. Co lor strength of printed fabrics depends on binders' type and concentration as well as the fixat ion temperature. The K/S values at lo wer fixat ion temperatures on using the prepared binders in the printing paste are better than the K/S of fabric printed with paste including the commercial binder at the same condition ( saving energy& money). The fastness properties of the printed samples depend on the type of binder used. The washing and perspiration ranged fro m good to excellent for all printed samp les. Slightly enhancement in K/S values of printed cotton fabric with increase the concentration of aliphatic polyurethane acrylate binders was noticed. The presence of 1% concentration of polyurethane acrylate binders (1-7) in the cotton pigment printing paste, and either UV curing or microwave cured for 3 min. could be considered as optimu m conditions. Improved rubbing fastness results for all the printed samples using the synthesized polyurethane acrylate binders in printed paste and UV cured are noticed as compared to those obtained by the traditional thermal cu ring technique. The results show that these binders can be used safely in preparing printing paste for printing cotton fabrics using pigment dyes.

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Many chitosan adsorbent derivatives for metal ion adsorption have been developed by grafting novel functional groups on the chitosan chain, and these functional groups are combined with chitosan to improve sorption capability. The chemical structure of chitosan was characterized by the spectroscopy of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The degree of N-deacetylation (DDA) was also calculated from FT-IR data. The use of bio sorbent chitosan-fatty acid derivatives makes it possible to extract both heavy metals and organic compounds. In this analysis, the grafting copolymer of fatty chitosan derivatives with acrylic acid polymer was synthesized using ceric ammonium nitrate, the redox nitric acid method under UV irradiation. Synthesized copolymers have been subjected to various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) to confirm the formation of copolymers and to research their thermal stability. The findings show the formation and strong chemical interaction between fatty chitosan derivatives and acrylic acid. Fatty Chitosan derivatives and prepared grafting copolymers have been treated with copper and chromium-containing metal solutions and the results have shown that fatty chitosan derivatives and prepared copolymers are excellent in the removal of heavy metals such as copper and chromium. Prepared compounds could therefore open the way for industrial wastewater treatment.

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