Theileria spp is protozoan parasites infecting wild and domestic animals throughout the world and affected the healthy state of the infected animals for that this study was carried to evaluate the effects of natural infection of camels with Theileria spp on blood picture and efficacy of indirect fluorescent antibody technique in diagnosis this infection, where blood samples were obtained from125 apparently healthy dromedary camels aged 1-9 years ,held in some localities in New-Valley governorate and classified into two groups, the first group (100 camels) as infected group and the rest number 25 as a control group where all of them examined by direct smear and indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Direct smear revealed 9 out 100 camel are positive for Theileria spp in ratio of 9% while indirect fluorescent antibody technique revealed 11out of 100 camels are positive (11%), with one sample as false negative and 3 samples as false positive so we can consider the indirect fluorescent technique remain the most convenient test for theileria spp diagnosis in camels. Hematological analysis revealed significant decrease in PCV, HB, RBCs count with significant increase in MCV, MCH and MCHC in infected group than control one. The frequency of theileriosis in camels is considerable and Theileria spp do not seem to induce significant alteration in clinical signs in naturally-infected dromedary camels but laboratory seem to induce significant decrease in hematological parameters which translated to anemia.

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