The proposed work presents a High speed 14-bit 125MS/s successive-approximation-register asynchronous analog-to-digital-converter (SAR-ADC). A novel-based Dual-Split-Array-Three-Section (DSATS) capacitor DAC (DSATS-CDAC) is employed to increase the linearity and energy efficiency of the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), additional advantage of this work is that, the area is reduced by 59.76% of conventional design. The proposed switching technique of the (DSATS-CDAC) consumes less switching energy. Additionally, bootstrap switching is employed to ensure improved linearity and reduced power consumption.in order to enhance the speed of operation and increase the precision a preamplifier latch based comparator is implemented with the delay of 250ps. The proposed SAR-ADC prototype is implemented in a 90nm CMOS process and consumes a power of 42.8mW at 1V operating supply. The proposed design achieves a figure of merit (FOM) of 37.43 fJ/conversion-step, signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of 81 dB, and an effective-number-of-bits (ENOB) of 13.16 bits with a sampling rate of 125MS/s.

The development of Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), graphical systems, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)/ Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), and multimedia systems all rely heavily on digital circuits. The need for high-precision fixed-point or floating-point multipliers suitable for Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) implementation in high-speed DSP applications is developing rapidly. An integral part of any digital system is the multiplier. In digital systems as well as signal processing, the adder and multiplier seem to be the fundamental arithmetic units. Problems arise when using a multiplier in the realms of area, power, complexity, and speed. This paper details a more efficient MAC (Multiply- Accumulate) multiplier that has been tuned for space usage. The proposed design is more efficient, takes up less room, and has lower latency than conventional designs. The performance of the Additive Multiply Module (AMM) multiplier is measured against that of existing multipliers, where it serves as a module in the MAC reducing area and delay.

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The Polycrystalline (CdSe)1-x(ZnS)x semiconductor powder with 0<=x<=1 was prepared by controlled co-precipitation method. Pellets made out of the powder, sintered at 800o C in nitrogen atmosphere was used for studies. Electrical conductivity of these samples increased with increasing the temperature from 77-300o K. At a given temperature an increase in conductivity with the increase in composition was observed in samples with x = 0.2 to 0.4 where as decrease in conductivity with the increase in composition occurs in samples with x = 0.7 to 1. For all samples, activation energies were calculated from the linear portions of log s vs 1000/T and the values range between 0.021 eV to 0.042 eV measurements of all samples are found to be negative, indicating n-type conduction in temperature region 77-300oK.From TEP and conductivity studies, carrier concentration and their mobilities were deduced and all the results were reported and suitable reasons were attributed for each observation made.

Because of numerous dormant application fields, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as an important and novel area in radio and mobile computing research. These applications range from enclosed system configurations in the home and office to alfresco enlistment in an opponent’s landmass in a strategic flashpoint. Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) can be created by integrating radio link capabilities with network layer operations utilizing cognitive radios. The goal of CRN design is to optimize the general system operations to meet customer requirements at any location worldwide by much more efficiently addressing CRNs instead of simply connecting spectrum utilization. When compared to conventional radio networks, CRNs are more versatile and susceptible to wireless connections. Recent advancements in wireless communication have resulted in increasing spectrum scarcity. As a modern innovation, cognitive radio aims to tackle this challenge by proactively utilizing the spectrum. Because cognitive radio (CR) technology gives assailants additional possibilities than a normal wireless network, privacy in a CRN becomes a difficult challenge. We concentrate on examining the surveillance system at a societal level, in which both defense and monitoring are critical components in assuring the channel’s privacy. The current state of investigation into spectrum sensing and potential risks in cognitive radios is reviewed in this study.