BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) means the presence of symptoms and/or signs of peripheral nerve damage that occur to people with diabetes, excluding all other causes of neuropathy. Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to increased secretion of tumour necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), with the development of micro and macroangiopathy, damage to nerve fibres and local demyelination. AIM: To determine the role of inflammation in the peripheral nerve damage process concerning people suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a total of 80 subjects, men and women, divided into two groups: an examined group (n = 50) consisting of subjects with DPN at the age from 30 to 80 years and a control group (n = 30) of healthy subjects aged from 18 to 45. In the investigated group, a neurological examination was performed using the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms (DNS) Score and Electroneurography. All the subjects had the blood plasma concentration of TNF-α by ELISA technique. RESULTS: The average value of TNF-α in the test group was 8.24 ± 2.899 pg/ml, while the control group was 4.36 ± 2.622 pg/ml (p < 0.0001). The average value of TNF-α was correlated with the achieved DNS score in the investigated group (p = 0.005). Concerning the linear association of the concentration of TNF-α with the peripheral nerve velocity in the investigated group, no statistical significance was detected. CONCLUSION: Inflammation can play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and cranial neuritis.

BACKGROUND:An aneurysm is an abnormal focal dilatation of an artery. Most of the unruptured aneurysms are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally or some of them symptomatic with mass effect or nerve palsy, but rupture of aneurysm results in a potentially life-threatening subarachnoid haemorrhage. Aneurysms with wide necks are defined by neck diameters greater than 4 mm or dome-to-neck ratios less than 2 and are the most difficult to treat with the endovascular method.AIM:This study aimed to analyse the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with a wide neck.METHODS:The study population included 37 patients with 46 aneurysms referred to the University Clinic of Radiology in Skopje, the Republic of Macedonia for endovascular treatment during the period January 2013 to May 2018. This study included 24 females and 13 males, ranging in age from 25 to 74 years.RESULTS:From total 46 treated aneurysms 13 were ruptured and 33 unruptured. Six patients were with multiple aneurysms. In these study complex aneurysms were treated with combined technique, 5 with balloon-assisted coiling, 25 with stent-assisted coiling, 6 stents, 2 with flow diverter assisted coiling, 6 FD and 2 with partial coil filling without assistance device.CONCLUSION:Aneurysms with wide neck remain a challenge for endovascular treatment. But the development of new techniques and materials in the treatment of aneurysms makes endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms safe and feasible.

(Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 2: 196-203)

CSO (22.09%). In 3 specimens the valve completely occluded the ostium. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 2: 264-267)

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