Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Всероссийский национальный научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач» РАН» Россия, Республика Крым, г. Ялта, Ключевые слова: виноград, погодные условия в зимний период, морозоустойчивость, криопротекторы, крахмал, формы воды, эмбриональная плодоносность, аг-

The research on the development of resource-saving cultivation technologies of new for Crimea clones of wine grape varieties in comparison with traditional cultivation technologies of example varieties was carried out in order to ensure sustainable economic production of raw materials. As a result of the research, the economic efficiency of cultivation of three clones of wine grape varieties in the conditions of the South Coast zone of Crimea was assessed. The effect of varietal agricultural technology elements, aimed at increasing the yield and its quality parameters, profitability of production of raw materials as well as manual labor optimization was also evaluated. The results showed that spiral cordon AZOS-1 on ‘Aleatiko’ clone 802 with 18 eyes load and ‘Muscat Blanc’ clone VCR-3 with 26 eyes load and short pruning of fruit canes; unilateral horizontal cordon on ‘Muscat Blanc’ clone VCR-3 with load of 33 eyes and long pruning of fruit canes; bilateral horizontal cordon on the variety ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ clone R-5 with 36 eyes load and short and medium length of grape canes provide high values of embryonic productivity, shoot-forming capacity, high yield and base wines of high quality. The efficiency of developed elements of the technology of clones of wine grape varieties ranged from 95.5 to 181.7%. Using of AZOS-1 training and short pruning allows to reduce the cost of bush management, the effective time is 1.44 less.

В связи с появлением новых клонов европейских сортов винограда в Крыму возникает необходимость исследований поведения такого критерия как продуктивность кустов и качества получаемой продукции в конкретном природно-климатическом районе. Недостаточная изученность агробиологических и хозяйственно ценных свойств новых клонов технических сортов, отсутствие сведений по качественным характеристикам сырья в условиях Крыма без установления для них оптимальных параметров сортовой агротехники приводит к снижению эффективности возделывания. Поэтому проведение комплексной оценки новых для Крыма клонов европейских сортов винограда, а также разработка элементов сортовой агротехники с оценкой их перспективности является актуальным направлением исследований, поскольку дает возможность более эффективно и целенаправленно использовать биологические и потенциальные возможности новых клонов винограда. В связи с этим основной целью наших исследований, является установление основных агробиологических, количественных и качественных характеристик винограда изучаемых клонов, а также оценка их перспективности возделывания в зависимости от агротехнических факторов - оптимальная величина нагрузки кустов, длины обрезки плодовых лоз в условиях Южнобережной зоны Крыма. Полученные нами экспериментальные данные показали, что исследуемые клоны: Алеатико 802, Мускат белый VCR-3, Каберне-Совиньон R-5 в сравнении с сортами-эталонами проявляют весьма высокую способность плодоношения зимующих глазков и формирования побегов с высокими значениями коэффициентов плодоносности и плодоношения. Выявленные в результате исследований закономерности позволили установить рациональные способы ведения клонов европейских сортов винограда и нагрузку куста глазками, длину обрезки плодовых лоз и влияние изученных агроприемов на качество винограда. Высокоштамбовый способ ведения с формировкой кустов - «АЗОС-1» при ведении их на одноярусных шпалерах способствовал повышению продуктивности клонов сортов винограда Алеатико 802 и Мускат белый VCR-3, а форма куста односторонний горизонтальный кордон на среднем штамбе способствует большему накоплению сахаров в соке ягод клона сорта винограда Мускат белый VCR-3. Повышение нагрузки кустов от 24 до 36 глазков на куст у клона сорта Каберне-Совиньон приводило к увеличению урожайности с 12,2 до 14,8 т/га, при незначительном снижении сахаристости сока с 23,1 до 22,3 г/100 см.Introduction of new clones of European grapevine cultivars in Crimea calls for examination of the bush productivity criterion along with the quality of the final product obtained in a particular natural and climatic region of Crimea. Gaps in the knowledge of agrobiological and economically valuable properties of new clones of wine cultivars, the lack of data on quality characteristics of the raw materials in Crimea without established optimal parameters of varietal agricultural practices reduces cultivation efficiency. The above calls for a comprehensive assessment of the new for Crimea clones of European grapevine cultivars, and for development of varietal agricultural practices accompanied by their viability assessment, which would facilitate a more effective and targeted use of the biological and potential capabilities of new grapevine clones. Therefore, our study aims to establish basic agrobiological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the studied grapevine clones, and assess their cultivation prospects depending on such agro-technical factors as the optimal bush load and the fruit cane pruning length in the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea. The obtained experimental data revealed that the studied clones ‘Aleatico 802’, ‘Muscat Belyi VCR-3’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon R-5’ have a rather high fruiting ability of wintering eyes and shoot formation with high fruit-bearing capacity and fertility ratios as compared to standard varieties. The revealed patterns allowed establishing a rational training of clones of the European grapevine cultivars and the eye load per bush, the fruit cane pruning length and the influence of the studied agricultural practices on grape quality. The tall trunk training system - “Azos-1” on one-wired trellis increased productivity of clones of ‘Aleatiko 802’ and ‘Muscat Belyi VCR-3’ grapes, while the bush shape unilateral horizontal cordon on medium height trunk increased sugar accumulation in the juice of the fruit of clone of ‘Muscat Belyi VCR-3’. Bush load increase from 24 to 36 shoots per bush in the clone of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes increased the yield from 12.2 t/ha to 14.8 t/ha, with a slight decrease in the sugar content of the juice from 23.1 g /100 cm to 22.3 g /100 cm.

The economic efficiency of the cultivation of grapes as a branch of agriculture depends on the adaptation of grape varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of the place of growth. When developing new agricultural practices and technological solutions for the cultivation of grapes, it is necessary to assess the econom-ic efficiency of the proposed innovative ap-proaches. The cultivation of such grape varie-ties is becoming important and relevant, which, with high productivity and the use of differen-tiated care technology, require minimal costs when servicing the bushes and harvesting. In-creasing labor productivity in the viticulture industry is the most important condition for the intensive development of production. One of these conditions today is the formation of a bush according to the technology element, the shape of a bush AZOS-1, which allows to re-duce the cost of care and harvesting of grapes. The conducted research on the technology of cultivation of table grape varieties in connec-tion with the use of a new form of bush made it possible to economically substantiate the economic efficiency of growing grapes.

Objective. To study the effect of mycorrhizal preparation "Rizomax" on the basis of an endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp. on the growth and development of the root system of the grape plant.Methods. The studies were conducted from 2016 to 2018. The influence and aftereffect of mycorrhizal drug on the root system and growth of the grape bush were studied in the Eastern viticultural district of the South Coast zone of the Crimea. The studies were carried out according to the generally accepted methods used in viticulture.Results. The advantage of introducing mycorrhizal preparation when planting in the zone of the root system is established, in this regard, more intensive growth and root formation occurs, as well as the growth and development of the grape bush improves. The influence of the aftereffect of the studied preparation on grape plants is estimated, it is established that in experimental variants the development of plants occurs more intensively. Due to symbiosis, the grape plant more effectively uses moisture and nutrients accumulated in the mycelium, which is reflected in the improvement of phytometric indicators and high aging of the vine.Conclusions. When conducting studies in 2017-2018, to study the aftereffect of the mycorrhizal preparaion "Rizomax", in the experimental version, a stable excess of growth processes by 38.3% 43.8% and the leaf surface of the bush by 34.5% 41.7% over the control version was established. The ratio of different fractions of roots in the experimental version compared to the control is more favorable. The fouling part of the root system is 2.53 m according to the measurements of the roots, you can see how much soil the roots of the grape bush covered, that is, in the experimental version, the absorption capacity is higher. Well-developed root system and leaf surface provide further, high productivity of grape bushes. Therefore, for good plant nutrition, it is important to maintain a correlation between the root system and the leaf surface.