Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12 or LTO) is a very promising anode material to replace graphite in liion batteries due to its safety and fast-charging ability. However, due to the low theoretical capacity of LTO, a strategy must be developed to overcome this problem. Synthesizing LTO by the combined sol-gel and solid-state method, and the addition of tin powder together with activated carbon, is expected to increase the specific capacity of the anode material. The tin powder compositions in this research were 5wt%, 7.5wt% and 12.5wt%. Further, to investigate the influence of activated carbon, 5wt%, 15wt%, and 25wt% activated carbon were added, while the composition of Sn was kept at 7.5wt%. XRD, SEM and BET surface area measurements was performed to characterize the morphology and structure of the samples. The performance of the battery was analyzed using EIS, CV and CD. The results show that TiO2 rutile was present in the LTO samples, with peak rutile decreasing significantly with the addition of carbon. More disperse particle morphology was obtained by the addition of activated carbon. The LTO/Sn anode material exhibits excellent reversible capacities of 191.1 mAh/g at 12.5wt% tin. Additionally, the LTO/Sn@C has the highest specific-capacity at 270.2 mAh/g, with a composition of 5wt% carbon and 7.5wt% Sn. The results show that LTO/Sn@C is a potential anode material for the future.

Lithium-Ion Capacitor (LIC), a hybrid energy storage device, is believed to be an ideal option for energy storage device applications due to its properties with high specific energy and high specific power. In this study, LIC’s cathode material is made of activated carbon derived from sugarcane bagasse prepared by the carbonization process at 500OC for 60 minutes and activation process utilizing KOH as an activating agent at varying temperatures and varying ratios of carbon to KOH mass. This paper also compares the material characteristic and electrochemical performance. In this paper, full cells of LIC are fabricated using activated carbon as the cathode material and LTO as the anode material. Sugarcane bagasse activated carbons are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET). The electrochemical performance of LIC is obtained from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge (CD). Sugarcane bagasse activated carbon (SBAC) produces a high specific surface area with values from 1095 m2/g to 3554 m2/g. The assembled LIC can produce a maximum specific capacitance of 31.94 F/g, the highest specific energy of 35.49 Wh/kg, and high specific power of 2954.36W/kg.

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One of the most popular active materials that are being used in lithium-ion batteries is lithium titanate/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), as it exhibits zero strain properties as well as high resistance to volume change. Its disadvantages are low capacity and low electrical conductivity. In this experiment, the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles into LTO as composite is aimed at increasing the capacity of LTO. LTO was synthesized from LiOH and anatase TiO2 using the solid-state method. The composite powders were prepared with 5, 8, and 11 wt.% composition of ZnO-NP. XRD and SEM were used to investigate the composition and microstructure of LTO/ZnO-NP composites. The electrochemical properties of the LTO/ZnO-NP electrode studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and charge-discharge. ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in LTO. The XRD showed a rutile TiO2 and dilithium titanate as a minor phase, while SEM showed particle distribution of LTO/ZnO-NP. LTO/ZnO-NP-11 exhibits excellent cycling performance and high capacity when used as anode with a specific capacity of 166.96 mAh/g at 0.1C, which is better than LTO pure.