Variations in gunshot residue (GSR) compositions are used in the reconstruction of shooting incidents. In this study, GSR samples taken from seven different locations around and in the firearm were collected and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Four different types of ammunition were applied. Very low correlations were found when different ammunition were used. This clearly shows that it is possible to differentiate between ammunition types. When the same ammunition was used, high correlations were found between samples taken from external positions (such as hands of shooter, bullet-entrance holes) but poor correlation was found between internal samples (such as firearm barrel, cartridge case) and external samples. A high degree of association was found between samples that simulated victim and shooter. These findings clearly demonstrate that GSR comparison studies are meaningful but care needs to be taken when choosing suitable exhibits. External samples (such as hands of shooter, bullet-entrance holes) are more suitable candidates than internal samples (barrel of the firearm, cartridge case).

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The morphology of reaction zones between platinum metal and silicon carbide ceramic at 973 and 1023 K is considered in detail. A periodic pattern of carbon bands embedded in pt,Si, is observed at both temperatures. The growth of platinum silicides at 973 and 1023 K is compared. Cross-sections of the pt-Si-C phase diagram at those temperatures are presented. The periodic layered morphology is explained via a 'repeated splitting' mechanism.