Studies were carried out to investigate the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer levels (15, 30, 45 and 60 kg/fed) and different postemergence herbicides (metosulam, sulfamoylurea, fenoxaprop-pethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, isoproturon + diflufinican and isoproturon), hand weeding and unweeded check in barley crop at private farms in Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt during 2007/2008/2009 seasons. Increasing N-levels from 15 to 30, 45 and 60 kg /fed significantly increased number and dry weight of barley weeds after 60 and 90 days from sowing (DFS). Application of 60 kg N/fed recorded the highest number and dry weight of weeds. Metosulam at 0.04 L/fed provided control (95.46 -92.83% reduction in dry weight after 60 and 90 DFS) for broadleaved weeds but failed to completely control narrow-leaved weeds. Clodinafoppropargyl at 140 g/fed provided 94.85 and 94.34 % reduction in dry weight after 60 and 90 DFS of narrow leaf weeds. Isoproturon + diflufinican came in the first order for controlling total weeds but statistically leveled with isoproturon alone. It recoded number and dry weight of total weeds than unweeded by 90.31 and 91.46 % after 60 days from sowing and 89.78 and 90.80 % after 90 days from sowing. pplication of nitrogen at 60 kg N/fed recorded the highest value of flag leaf area, plant height, spike length, number of grains/spike, grains weight /spike, spikes number /m 2 , straw and grain yields as well as grain protein and total carbohydrates percentage. All herbicidal treatments and hand weeding increased significantly growth, yield, yield components and chemical composition of grain barley. Isoproturon + diflufinican was superior treatment for increasing plant height, spike length, grains number /spike, grains weight /spike, spikes number /m 2 , straw and grain yields as well as grain protein and total carbohydrates percentage. While, hand weeding recorded the highest values of flag leaf area. Application of isoproturon + diflufinican herbicide provided 66.3 % more grain yield than weedy check. The interaction between N-levels and weed management treatments had significant effect on total dry weight of weeds, spikes number /m 2 , grain weight /spike and grain and straw yields. Isoproturon + diflufinican produced the lowest values of total dry weight of weeds after 60 and 90 DFS when 15 kg N/fed was added. While, Application of 60 kg N/fed gave the maximum values of number of spike /m 2 , weight of grain /spike, grain and straw yields/fed when isoproturon + diflufinican treatment was applied. It could be concluded that using 60 kg N/fed resulted in increment of growth and productivity of barley crop when isoproturon + diflufinican treatment was used.

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Background The relation between the macronutrients P and K seems to be synergistic due to the beneficial effects of the interaction between (P × K) and varies according to the variety used. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to study the effect of interaction of phosphatic fertilization at 0, 37.5 and 75 kg P2O5 ha−1 and potassic fertilization at 0 and 57.6 kg K2O ha−1 on the yield and yield components of two mungbean varieties, viz. Kawmy-l and V2010, as well as determining the relationship between the two nutrients interaction. Results The results showed that there were varietal differences in yield and yield components regardless fertilizer application. Either phosphatic or potassic fertilization significantly increased mungbean yield and yield components traits. Significant effects due to the interaction (V × P) were reported on yield component traits in both seasons. Furthermore, the triple interaction (V × P × K) indicates that synergistic effect was reported for the two varieties and was more clearer for V2010 where it needed both of P and K nutrients to out yield the greatest seed yield ha−1, while Kawmy-1 gave the greatest seed yield ha−1 without K application. Conclusion It could be concluded from this study that mungbean varieties differ in their response to the synergistic interaction effect of P and K and the combination of 75 kg P2O5 + 57.6 kg K2O is preferable for V2010 and 75 kg P2O5 alone for Kawmy-1 to produce the greatest yield.

Background The objective of this work is to identify the most proper herbicidal treatment on sugar beet to compare different single weed control herbicide doses on sugar beet traits and associated weeds as well as yield and quality under sandy soil conditions. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at the Experimental Farm of the National Research Centre, El-Beheira Governorate. Tigro at 1.0 and 0.750 l fed−1, Betasana-Trio at 0.675 and at 0.9 l fed−1, Select Super at 0.5 and 0.375 l fed−1 and Betanal MaxxPro at 0.5 l fed−1 besides the unweeded and hand weeded twice were used. Results The results showed that the herbicides Betasana-Trio at 0.9 l fed−1, Tigro at 1.0 l fed−1 and Betasana-Trio at 0.675 l fed−1 when sprayed twice could effectively and/or completely eliminate the broadleaved weeds associated with sugar beet plants. Moreover, the results indicated and confirmed that Tigro and Betasana-Trio herbicides are effective in controlling broadleaved weeds. Similar tendency was recorded for the narrow-leaved weeds, where Select Super or Betanal MaxxPro at 0.5 l fed−1 as well as Select Super at 0.375 l fed−1 could completely eliminate or minimize the narrow-leaved weeds associated with sugar beet plants. The greatest significant root length, root diameters and root yield plant−1 were recorded when hand weeding twice followed by Betanal MaxxPro at 0.5 l fed−1 without significant differences. Gross sugar % ranged between 12.08 and 15 .7% and extractable sugar % ranged between 8.97 and 13.8% for Betasana-Trio at 0.09 l fed−1 and Betanal MaxxPro at 0.5 l fed−1. Conclusion Betanal MaxxPro gave the highest values of root and biological yield ton fed−1. Betanal MaxxPro followed by hand weeding treatment twice resulted in the greatest sugar yield fed−1. The highest sugar yield resulted from the herbicidal treatment with Betanal MaxxPro or Tigro at 1.0 l fed−1, which gave the greatest gross and extractable sugar yield fed−1 and exceeded the hand weeding treatment by 10.4 and 7.8%.