Background:The aim of this study is to design and fabricate a thorax phantom with irregularly shaped trapezoidal slots across the left side of the chest wall, allowing for the creation of unwanted air gaps under the bolus. Method: Surface dose (D surf ) measurements were made with Gaf Chromic EBT3 films at air gaps (0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mm) under gel bolus of thickness (5.0 mm & 10.0 mm), for 3DCRT technique (2 and 3 field) with clinical 6 MV photon beam under uniform and non-uniform air gap condition. The obtained values were compared with TPS estimated ones. Results: In the presence of 15.0 mm uniform air gap, the mean estimated and measured D surf values with two and three field techniques decreased by 14.0 % to 15.2% and 14.7% to 17.4% under 5.0 mm and 10.0 mm bolus applications respectively. In presence of non-uniform air gap condition, the effect on D surf was minimal (3 to 3.5%) compared with the uniform air gap condition. Conclusions: Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that when using bolus in clinical radiotherapy applications, special care be taken to avoid unwanted air gaps under the bolus in order to achieve a uniform surface dose across the treatment region, where a customized 3D printed bolus may be a better option.

HDR brachytherapy source (Ntekim et al., 2010). The anisotropy, radial dose function, and qualitative isodose distributions produced by the Co-60 source have been reported to be comparable to those produced by the Ir-192 source (Strohmaier et al., 2011). Other studies on

Many fatal diseases have inflammation and fever as clinical symptoms. NSAIDs are the drug of choice for both of these symptoms. But they cause numerous adverse drug reactions including the gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular systems. Herbal medicines are known for their efficacy and lack of adverse reactions. So the search for herbal remedies is always on. Terminalia bellirica fruit pulp is used to alleviate a lot of health conditions. Hence this study looked at the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia bellirica fruit pulp in rodents. The carrageenan-induced paw edema model was utilized to test the plant's acute and subacute anti-inflammatory properties. Baker's yeast-induced pyrexia model was utilized to assess the plant's antipyretic activity. Three different groups were administered the extraction (9 mg/kg, 18 mg/kg, and 36 mg/kg). Positive control and negative control for the anti-inflammatory model were Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and Gum acacia suspension (3 ml/kg of 1 percent) respectively. Positive control and negative control for the anti-pyretic model were Paracetamol 100 mg/kg and 10 ml/kg of 1 percent Gum acacia suspension, respectively. 18 and 36 mg/kg dose of extraction showed substantial minimization of edema (P≤0.01) in tests of acute anti-inflammatory action. 36 mg/kg dose showed substantial minimization of edema in tests of subacute anti-inflammatory action (P≤0.01). The rectal temperature decreased significantly (P≤0.0001) in all experimental groups in Baker's yeast-induced pyrexia tests. Results revealed that the test drug has considerable action against inflammation and pyrexia in rodents.