In Romania, cystic echinococcosis is endemic and affects, besides humans, various animal species including sheep, cattle, and swine. As yet, no molecular-genetic typing has been carried out to clearly identify the putative strains being transmitted there. Parasite samples (protoscoleces or germinal layers) were collected from infected intermediate hosts and subsequently analyzed by comparing the PCR-amplified DNA sequences of three targets: one nuclear (BG1/3) and two mitochondrial (cox1 and nadI). Three strains were identified with the mitochondrial sequences: (i) the common sheep strain (G1) which circulates between sheep and cattle and is infective for humans, (ii) the Tasmanian sheep strain (G2) infecting sheep and cattle, and (iii) the pig strain (G7) predominantly found in swine. To our knowledge, this is the first report which demonstrates the occurrence of the Tasmanian sheep strain in cattle and the sympatric occurrence of these three strains (G1, G2, and G7) in Europe.

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Serum samples from 197 clinically healthy dogs residing in the Banat Region, the western historical part of Romania, were assayed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the presence of anti-Babesia canis antibodies. Overall, the seroprevalence was 19.8% (39/197). The percent of seropositive dogs in rural areas (28.4%; 19/67) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to dogs living in urban areas (15.4%; 20/130). Seroprevalence of B. canis infection in hunting dogs was also found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to canines with other lifestyles, but no significant difference was found between companion and kennel dogs. The statistical analysis showed that no significant differences (P > 0.05) were present between the seroprevalence of infected animals associated with age, gender, or breed. The hunting lifestyle was the only factor (OR = 4.57; 95% CI = 2.1-10.2; P = 0.002) positively associated with seroprevalence in dogs and can be considered the risk factor in the acquisition of infection. Also, the results of the present survey indicate that infection with B. canis in dogs is common in the sampling area and that it is an important pathogen for the local canine population.

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