The concept of the Cincticostella nigra (Uéno, 1928) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) complex is clarified and Indian and Nepali representatives of the complex are reviewed. Four new species are described viz. Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., Cincticostella funki Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov & Vasanth, sp. nov., Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov. and Cincticostella wangi Selvakumar, Martynov & Subramanian, sp. nov. The larva of C. corpulenta (Braasch, 1981) is re-described, based on the holotype and paratypes. Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) is recorded from India for the first time. Morphological differences of the species complexes of Cincticostella Allen, 1971 are analysed. A new species complex, Cincticostella gosei complex, is proposed. Summaries of distribution data and habitat preferences, as well as new larval diagnoses, are presented for all species of the Cincticostella nigra complex.

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Aim: To study the effect of Triflupromazine Hcl and diazepam in combination with propofol as preanaesthetic on haematobiochemical parameters in dogs was carried out. Materials and Methods: 16 clinical cases of dogs undergoing different surgical interventions irrespective of age, sex and breed were allotted randomly in to two groups viz., Group A (Triflupromazine Hcl -propofol) and Group B (diazepampropofol) consisting eight dogs each. Blood samples were collected at different intervals from both the Groups in heparinised syringes as follows: Prior to premedication, fifteen minutes after premedication, fifteen minutes, one hour, six hour, 24 hour and 48 hour after induction with Propofol. The samples were subjected for various hematological and biochemical analysis. Results: Hematology revealed a significant (P 0.05) fall in total erythrocyte count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb), whereas TLC showed a non significant decrease in both the groups throughout the observation period of 48 hours. In the present study blood glucose level was significantly increased between 15 min to one hour in Group A and 15 min to 6 hours of observation period of the study in Group B. The total plasma protein (TPP), alanine amino transferase (ALT),alkaline phosphatase (AP) and creatinine levels did not differ significantly in both the groups throughout the observation period of 48 hours. Conclusion: Both the anaesthetic combinations were found to be safe and effective with smooth and stress free recovery. However triflupromazine Hcl premedication proved to be better with quick sedative effect, long duration of anaesthesia with less induction dose of propofol and shorter recovery time than diazepam.

The Hyrtanellini (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae: Ephemerellinae) from India and related regions are reviewed, including three new species viz., Serratella palatovi Martynov, Selvakumar & Jacobus, sp. nov., Torleya simbalbarensis Selvakumar, Subramanian, Martynov & Jacobus, sp. nov., and Torleya dibruensis Selvakumar, Martynov & Jacobus, sp. nov.; and first country records of Teloganopsis jinghongensis (Xu, You & Hsu, 1984) and Hyrtanella grandipennis (Zhou, Su & Gui, 2000). Description of Serratella palatovi sp. nov. is based on material from Thailand, India and Nepal; Torleya simbalbarensis sp. nov. and Torleya dibruensis sp. nov. are described based on material from India. For now, the tribe Hyrtanellini in India comprises eight species from the genera Serratella Edmunds, 1959, Torleya Lestage, 1917, Teloganopsis Ulmer, 1939 and Hyrtanella Allen & Edmunds, 1976. Additional records of Teloganopsis jinghongensis from Thailand, Torleya nepalica (Allen & Edmunds, 1963) and Torleya coheri (Allen & Edmunds, 1963) from Nepal also are provided here. All Indomalayan Hyrtanellini species are discussed to some extent.

A concise overview of the diversity and distribution of Ephemeroptera of Indian Himalaya, a global biodiversity hotspot, is presented. The current study summarizes the diversity and distribution of Ephemeroptera of the seven Himalayan states of India: Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Utter Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. This study documents 10 families, 34 genera, 89 species. A total of 57 species are considered endemic to the region. The richest diversity is reported from the states of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh and the maximum diversity is seen within three families and three genera. Updated information on Ephemeroptera of the Himalaya parts of Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and China is required to comprehensively understand the diversity and endemicity of the hotspot. Further, to advance our knowledge of Ephemeroptera of the region, a synthesis of the taxonomy of adults and larvae with description of all life history stages within a molecular phylogenetic framework is urgently required.