The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and sensory quality as well as the safety of ready-to-eat (RTE) cooked foods prepared in and distributed from a centralized kitchen to schools in Argentina. A total of 101 cooked food samples delivered as hot RTE cooked foods (group A) and as RTE cooked foods at room temperature (group B) and 140 surface swab environment samples were collected from February to November 1999. Petrifilm plates were used for aerobic (PAC), coliform (PCC), and Escherichia coli (PEC) counts. Standard methods were used to determine Enterobacteriaceae (EntC) and thermotolerant coliform counts (TCC). Samples were also tested for the presence of Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium perfringens. Food temperatures just before samples were put into containers ranged from 80 to 98 degrees C and from 28 to 32 degrees C for group A and group B, respectively. For group A food samples, PAC ranged from 1.04 to 3.50 log CFU/g, and PCC, PEC, TCC, and EntC were not detected. For group B food samples, PAC ranged from 3.63 to 6.48 log CFU/g, PCC ranged from 1.90 to 5.36 log CFU/g, TCC ranged from 1.30 to 3.95 log CFU/g, and EntC ranged from 3.60 to 5.46 log CFU/g. Of the foodborne pathogens, only B. cereus was isolated (63.4% of samples) in both food groups (<4 log CFU/g). The microbiological and sensory quality and the safety of group A foods were satisfactory. Large numbers of PAC and EntC detected in group B foods show that better control is needed to avoid potential foodborne diseases.
ResumenCon el objeto de mejorar la propiedad de coagular de leche entera tratada bajo condiciones moderadas de temperatura, 10 minutos a 73 °C, se estudió el efecto del pH (6.2-6.6) y la adición de CaCl 2 (200 y 600 mg L -1 ). El proceso de la coagulación enzimática, con la acidificación de Glucono-δ-Lactona, fue medido con el método del alambre caliente. A pH 6.4 y 6.6 los coágulos obtenidos a partir de leche entera tratada, mostraron tiempos de coagulación significativamente inferiores (P<0.05), incremento del máximo voltaje y tiempo en el que se alcanza el máximo voltaje, y una marcada disminución del suero drenado, comparado con aquellos coágulos de leche sin tratamiento. En la elaboración de queso cuartirolo, los niveles de pH 6.4 y CaCl 2 adicionado de 400 mg L -1 , resultaron en la mejor condición seleccionada para no perder la aceptación del consumidor e incrementar el rendimiento quesero en 8.9%, corregido en base seca. AbstractThe effect of pH (6.2-6.6) and CaCl 2 addition (200 -600 mg L -1 ) was studied, with the objective of improving the coagulation properties of whole milk treated under mild condition of temperature, 10 min at 73 °C. The hot wire method to monitor rennet coagulation induced through acidification with Glucono-δ-Lactone was employed. At pH 6.4 and 6.6 the coagulum of heated milk presented lower coagulation time (P<0.05), increased maximum voltage and time where they reach maximum voltage, and a decreased in whey separation, compared to those of coagulum produced by unheated milk. The selected conditions of pH 6.4 and CaCl 2 added 400 mg L -1 , used in the process of cuartirolo cheese proved to be the best condition to increase the yield in 8.9% on a dry basis, without loosing consumer's acceptance.
Manuscrito recibido el 11 de noviembre de 2001y aceptado para su publicación el 16 de mayo de 2002. determinacion de cloruro de sodio en quesos argentinos resumen Se determinó el contenido de cloruros y sodio, en quesos de pasta dura, semidura y blanda de producción Argentina. Para el anàlisis de ambos iones se utilizó el método del electrodo ión selectivo, y se lo comparó con el método de la AOAC. No se observaron diferencias significativas (α < 0,05) entre los niveles de ClNa determinados por el método de ión selectivo y aquellos determinados por el método de la AOAC, para los quesos de media y baja humedad, pero sí se observaron diferencias significativas entre los valores hallados en los quesos de alta humedad. Los valores de ClNa encontrados por el método del ión selectivo corresponden a: 1.263,6 ± 228,9 mg/100 g de queso para los quesos de pasta blanda; 1.511,8 ± 223,5 mg/100 g de queso para los quesos de pasta semidura y 1.926,6 ± 245,4 para aquellos de pasta dura. Las concentraciones son variables y difieren de aquellos reportados por la Literatura. El método de los electrodos ión selectivo resulta aconsejable, consume escaso tiempo y no necesita oxidación previa de la muestra.
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