In order to clarify the physiologic role of somatostatin in insulin release, rat pancreatic islets treated by somatostatin antiserum were incubated in media containing various concentrations of glucose. Insulin release from antiserum-treated islets was significantly elevated above that from nontreated ones at 3.3 and 8.3 mM glucose, while the former was not different from the latter at 16.7 mM glucose. It is suggested that somatostatin plays an important role in the regulation of insulin release in the physiologic range of glucose concentration.

Thyroid weight, thyroidal radioiodide uptake, and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity of a thyroid supernatant fraction were increased significantly in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), apparently because of increased secretion of pituitary TSH. However, the thyroids of SHR did not make supernormal amounts of thyroxine (T4), and thyroidal radioiodine release was apparently impaired. In the SHR, proteolytic enzyme activity was less than normal and the thyroglobulin was more resistant to normal proteolytic enzyme than was control thyroglobulin. Presumably because of these abnormalities, plasma T4 was significantly lower than normal, but triiodothyronine (T4) was normal, as a result of compensatory processes occurring in T3 synthesis and hydrolysis of thyroglobulin. T4 and T3 were less effective in depressing pituitary TSH synthesis and secretion in SHR than in controls, possibly because of an abnormal setting of the "hormostat." Although the hypothalamic content of TRH was normal in SHR, the exact site of the abnormality in the "hormostat" is not delineated in the present study.

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