While there is no significant difference in the mean anxiety or depression in this cohort compared with those reported for a non-diabetic, healthy population, the results suggest that there is an increased prevalence of clinically relevant anxiety in females and of depression in males with Type 1 diabetes when compared with the normative data.

Comparison the Precision of Ear and Finger Pulse Oximetry with Finger Sensor in Mechanically Ventilated ICU PatientsKeywords Oximetry; Arterial Oxygen Saturation; Intensive Care Units Aims Nowadays, the pulse oximetry is widely used to monitor the oxygen saturation constantly. In the clinical care, it is observed that the ear pulse oximetry with the finger sensor is sometimes utilized in the ICUs. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of the ear pulse oximetry and the fingertip with the finger sensor in the ICU patients under the mechanical ventilation. Materials & Methods In the analytic comparative study, 60 hospitalized patients under the mechanical ventilation in the ICU of Moddares Hospital in Kashmar Township were studied in 2015. The subjects were selected via available convenience sampling method. One finger pulse oximetry sensor having been attached to the upper part of the ear and the other to the fingertip, the arterial blood sampling was done simultaneously. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software using repeated ANOVA and Spearman correlation tests. Findings Mean oxygen saturation percentage and the heartbeat of ear, fingertip, and arterial blood pulse oximetry were significantly different (p<0.001). In addition, the oxygen saturation percentage of ear, fingertip, and arterial blood pulse oximetry was significantly correlated by the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2; p=0.001). Nevertheless, the mentioned parameters were not significantly correlated by the peripheral edema and especially, by the hand (p>0.05). Conclusion The utilization of ear pulse oximetry with the finger sensor on the fingertip cannot lead to accurate results of the oxygen saturation in the hospitalized patients in the ICU under the mechanical ventilation. However, in case of any reduction in the arterial blood oxygen pressure, the accuracy of the finger pulse oximetry starts to drop out.

for targets and categories by statisticians and epidemiologists, documents such as the Health of the Nation report (Department of Health, 1992) and the literature and correspondence created in its wake, do little to investigate the real motives which impel someone to take his or her own life. I do not think psychiatrists should be so easily satisfied to accept these frankly crude targets without qualification and without raising politi cal points for discussion. The current moral and political climate engenders despair, and the loss of personal and family security, the impaired quality of existence and the erosion of the sense of conscious, authentic personal responsibility has lead to a weariness of life for which remedy is not easily found. Weariness with life is an emotional and political problem which cannot be treated by less toxic anti-depressants in overdose, or easily set targets.