Within the limitations of this study, it was found that the sagittal inclination of the mounted maxillary cast achieved with Hanau articulator was closer to the cephalometric occlusal cant as compared to that of the Girrbach articulator. Among the two articulators and face-bow systems, the steepness of sagittal inclination was greater on Girrbach semi-adjustable articulator. Different face-bow/articulator systems could result in different orientation of the maxillary cast, resulting in variation in stability, cuspal inclines and cuspal heights.

Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most widely used materials for fabricating dentures.Though it has its success in meeting esthetic requirements, it is still far from ideal to meet mechanical requirements of a denture. The fracturing of dentures can be caused by mechanical properties of acrylic resin or by a multitude of factors leading to failure of PMMA. The quest for an alternative material or a chemical modification or use of different denture base material reinforcements of PMMA, provides a clear picture about various developments that have taken place in this field.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stress distribution around the titanium and zirconium implant with different abutment angulations in the anterior maxilla to off-axial load. Setting and Design: In vitro – Comparative study. Materials and Methods: Two models of titanium and zirconium implants (4 mm × 13 mm) and abutment with at 0°, 15°, 25° angulations were modeled to replace missing right central incisor using three-dimensional finite element analysis. A bite force of 178 N was applied on the lingual fossa of crowns at an angle of 120° off-axial to the long axis of implant. Statistical Analysis Used: Nil. Results: Von Misses stresses observed are as follows: (1) at the implant–bone interface Ti 0 (8.31 MPa), Zr 0 (8.57 MPa), Ti 15 (83.59 MPa), Zr 15 (98.07 MPa), Ti 25 (197.8 MPa), and Zr 25 (265.77 MPa); (2) at the implant–abutment interface Ti 0 (5.90 MPa), Zr 0 (6.45 MPa), Ti 15 (19.13 MPa), Zr 15 (19.32 MPa), Ti 25 (38.65 MPa), and Zr 25 (38.26 MPa); and (3) within superstructure Ti 0 (3.11 MPa), Zr 0 (5.02 MPa), Ti 15 (6.17 MPa), Zr 15 (5.02 MPa), Ti 25 (8.15 MPa), and Zr 25 (6.131 Mpa). Conclusion: Stress behavior of titanium and zirconium implant with tested abutment angulation at implant–abutment interface and within the superstructure was similar, except at implant–bone interface.

The generation of dental structures and/or entire teeth in the laboratory depends upon the manipulation of stem cells and requires a synergy of all cellular and molecular events that finally lead to the formation of tooth-specific hard tissues, dentin and enamel. This review focuses on the different sources of stem cells that have been used for making teeth in vitro and their relative efficiency. Embryonic, post-natal and adult stem cells were assessed and proved to possess an enormous regenerative potential, but their application in dental practice is still limited due to various parameters that are not yet under control such as the high risk of rejection, cell behaviour, long tooth eruption period, appropriate crown morphology and suitable colour. Nevertheless, the development of biological approaches for dental reconstruction using stem cells is promising and remains one of the greatest challenges in the dental field.

Recording of the basal seat and surrounding teeth accurately is an important task in dentistry. It is done previously by conventional impression materials like alginate, agar, elastomeric impression materials, due to its drawbacks like gagging, unpleasant taste etc. newer methods like digital impressions and digital scanners had evolved. Digital scanners include a computer display and a hand held wand with a camera to capture the intraoral images in three dimensions. Digital impressions are more accurate, time saving and increases the comfort of patient compared to conventional impressions.