A series of novel methylene-bis-fused pyrazoles 12a-e and methylene-bis-2-(4-methylsulfonyl)-phenyl substituted fused pyrazoles 15a-d have been synthesized by the reaction of methylene-bis-aryl-6-hydroxymethylene-2-cyclohexenones 10 with hydrazine hydrate or (4-methylsulfonyl)-phenyl hydrazine 13. Chemical structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by their IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and MS spectral data. The compounds 15a-d were evaluated for their cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity, and the compound 15b showed appreciable COX-2 inhibition and selectivity. Further, all the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Amongst the screened compounds, 12c, 15a, and 15b were found to be the most active against almost all the test bacteria. The compound 15b displayed notable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538p), Micrococcus luteus (IFC 12708), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 3851), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), equal to that of ampicillin. Similarly, these compounds also showed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigatus (HIC 6094), Trichophyton rubrum (IFO 9185), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IFO 40996).

A series of novel 5‐((3aR,5S,6S,6aR)‐6‐((1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)‐2,2‐dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3‐d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐3,3a,5,6‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[3,4‐d]thiazoles 10a–g were synthesized by the reaction of chalcone derivatives of 2‐((3aR,5S,6S,6aR)‐6‐((1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)‐2,2‐dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3‐d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐3‐phenylthiazolidin‐4‐one 9 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The chemical structures of newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The compounds 10 a–g were evaluated for their nematicidal activity against Dietylenchus myceliophagus and Caenorhabditis elegans; compound 10e and 10f showed appreciable nematicidal activity. Further, the compounds 10a – g were screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigates (HIC 6094), Trichophyton rubrum (IFO 9185), and Trichopyton mentagrophytes (IFO 40996). The compounds 10b and 10f displayed notable antifungal activity against all the microorganisms employed. The activity of these compounds is almost equal to the standard. It is also interesting to note that the compounds 10b and 10f and 10g showed activity towards C. albicans at the concentration of 3.75 μM, which is less than the concentration of the standard Amphotericin B.

A series of novel 5‐((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2‐((3aR,5S,6S,6aR)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐((1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)tetrahydrofuro[2,3‐d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐3‐phenylthiazolidin‐4‐ones 9a–n has been synthesized from triazole‐linked thiazolidinone derivatives 8a–g with o‐phenylenediamine and characterized by IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. Further, these compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, namely, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538p), and Micrococcus luteus (IFC 12708), and Gram‐negative bacteria, namely, Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 3851), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Among the screened compounds, compounds 9b, 9d, 9h, and 9i are highly active against almost all selected bacterial strains; the remaining compounds showed moderate to good activity and emerged as potential molecules for further development.

In a one pot procedure, a series of novel hybrid heterocycles 6a-g and 7a-g were prepared by condensation of (3aS,4S,6S,6aSle-4-carbaldehyde 5 with mercapto acids and primary amines in the presence of ZnCl 2 under both microwave irradiation and conventional heating conditions. Compound 5 was prepared from di-acetone D-mannose via a click reaction, primary acetonide deprotection and oxidative cleavage. Characterization of new compounds has been done by IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Anticancer activity of the compounds has also been evaluated.

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